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Grounding systems such as vertical and horizontal electrodes, and grids are installed in the soil to mitigate against the effects of system faults and lightning surges. Their main function is to dissipate lightning and fault currents into the earth without generating any hazardous potential differences between different contacts points of grounded structures and the earth that may be bridged by people...
The high-frequency performance of vertical earth rods is important for designing earthing systems and lightning protection systems. In this work, experimental investigations on the high-frequency and impulse response of vertical earth rods with horizontal electrode enhancements are described. The rod electrode systems are installed at the Cardiff University outdoor earthing test facility and variable...
The high-frequency performance of vertical earth rods is important for designing earthing systems and lightning protection systems. In this work, experimental investigations on the high-frequency and impulse response of vertical earth rods with horizontal electrode enhancements are described. The rod electrode systems are installed at the Cardiff University outdoor earthing test facility and variable...
This paper investigates the effect of the return current path on the impulse characteristics of practical tower footings. A new circular ring electrode system is used as a return electrode for measuring the impulse response of earth electrodes. Initial measurements and computer simulations show that this system makes the current flow radially away from the electrode and dissipates more evenly in the...
In this paper, an investigation of current distribution on tower lines under lightning and power frequency fault conditions is carried out. An equivalent circuit model of a 400 kV double-circuit transmission line was established using EMTP and two models of differing complexity were developed. The power-frequency earth fault was simulated by short circuiting one phase conductor to the earth wire while...
This paper investigates the effects of earth wire isolation on tower base voltages at a single tower of an overhead transmission line. Computation studies on a generic tower line were carried out. Various models developed to represent transmission lines including earth wires, phase conductors with different scenarios of fault locations were simulated using 'CDEGS' for direct lightning strikes to earth...
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