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Transient response plays a key role in the evaluation of the performance of grounding systems and for the protection of electrical installations under lightning strikes. The frequency spectrum of the lightning impulse contains harmonics components up to the megahertz range. The measured transient response of grounding systems under test may be distorted by spurious high frequency interference in the...
High current lightning strikes into earthing systems can result in ionization in the soil surrounding the earthing electrode. Most of the published studies investigating this phenomenon have assumed uniform one-layer soil, but soil ionization propagation in a multilayered soil sample has not been extensively addressed. Practical soils may consist of several layers with different water contents, and...
An evaluation of the impedance of ground electrodes under dc, ac or impulse conditions requires reliable and accurate measurement of the current and earth potential rise (EPR) at the point of injection. This is commonly achieved in wired systems by arranging current-injection and measurement circuits in quadrature, but such wide-area test arrangements are not always possible due to prohibitive environmental...
In this work, the results of an experimental study of the impulse characteristic of practical ground electrodes consisting of horizontal conductors of various lengths, a grounding grid and full-scale tower footings are reported. These electrodes are installed at an outdoor test site having nonuniform soil, with equipment facilities for generating low- and high-magnitude impulse currents. The tests...
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