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Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) cladding process employing pre-sintered 11.8 wt.% TiB2/Ti-6Al-4V composites as cladding material was carried out to produce wear-resistant coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. It was found that high quality composite coating consisting of heterogeneously distributed coarse primary TiB phase, fine eutectic TiB whisker (TiBw) and highly refined Ti-6Al-4V grains was obtained. Maximum...
The effect of particle–wake interaction on the coupling between the longitudinal and transverse dust lattice waves in two-dimensional hexagonal lattice in an external magnetic field is investigated. Meanwhile the electrostatic interactions between a particle charge and all other particle charges together with the corresponding effective wake charges are taken into account. Explicit formulations of...
A modified radiation source model is built up to study the interaction between electromagnetic waves and partially ionized uniform plasma layer, by considering the incident power spectrum profile and introducing a perfect black body. The effect of black body radiation temperature, electron number density, and collision frequency on the relative power absorption and transmission spectra of black body...
A compact Faraday cup reported in this paper is designed to investigate the current distributions of the electron beams of Traveling Wave Tube’s guns. It consists of a 0.06 mm thick molybdenum aperture plate and a copper shield with a graphite collector inside. There are plates with different laser-cut aperture holes that were 100 μm, 50 μm, 20 μm and 10 μm in diameter for measuring electron beams...
A computer code of variational principle for the plasma potential energy was written and used to analyze magnetohydrodynamic instability in D-shaped tokamak. Paths of steepest descent are defined by solving an initial value problem for a system of partial differential equations which are expressed in terms of artificial time parameter. Pressure of plasma, flux surfaces, plasma energy and safety factor...
A mathematical model was applied to describe the behavior of OH and O radicals in positive pulsed corona discharge of N 2 –H 2 O mixture gas. The model takes into account the generation and disappearance of radials in a pulsed corona discharge reactor by a single pulse or continuous pulses. Their concentrations were derived by considering direct electron effect on the dissociation...
The removal of NO x from mixtures of NO–NO 2 –N 2 and NO–NO 2 –O 2 –H 2 O is discussed theoretically in this study, and the removal of SO2 and NOx is further discussed when a gas system of NO x –N 2 –O 2 –H 2 O contains CO 2 and SO 2 . The involved chemical reaction rate equations in the process of SO ...
Based on a three-dimensional (3-D) code which instead of treating the full magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations directly, the effects of race-track and DRAKON (a Russian acronym for long equilibrium configuration) configurations on MHD equilibria and stabilities in toroidal devices are studied numerically. The equilibria are calculated by applying the method of steepest descent to the variational principle...
A two-dimensional axis-symmetric model is adopted to investigate the characteristics of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma. The mass conservation equations of electrons, positive ions, and metastable atoms, the electron energy equation, and the Poisson equation are used in this multi-component system. The magnetic field generated by coils was computed numerically. The distributions of temperature...
A sheath model in an oblique magnetic field is build, which has one-dimension coordinate space and three-dimension speed space. The effects of magnetic field on the structure of RF sheath and parameter characteristics are discussed. The numerical simulation result shows that magnetic field has great effects on the sheath structure, especially in the region near the edge of sheath. Also, the magnetic...
This model differs from previous works in that the electrical conductivity (and the current profile) is approximated in a more realistic way (parabolic instead of flat profile). The magnetohydrodynamic equations in an electrostatic approximation serve as the starting point of the theory. The effects of the external axial magnetic field, current profile, arc current and arc column radius on the helical...
A pulsed voltage of magnetically insulated diode and intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) models have been built according to the experimental results. A model of secondary electrons yield while IPIB irradiated metal target has also been established. The temporal law of secondary electrons induced by IPIB irradiated titanium target according to the energy deposition at surface layer has been calculated...
Dust crystal and void were simulated with a two-dimensional fluid model and a three-dimensional molecular dynamic model. The distributions of dust particles are obtained and these distributions are one-layer or two-layer dust crystals, conversely cone-shaped, and formulation of a cylindrical dust void without ion drag is complex. It is due to a gentle potential bump in the central region of the electrode...
The characteristic of dust plasma sheath in an oblique magnetic field was studied using the fluid method. In a magnetic field of various magnitude and directions, the charged dust density distribution has been discussed. It is shown that magnetic field does have effect on the dust characteristic. The action of electrostatic, gravitational force and Lorentz force make the dust grains do a helical movement...
In this study, the radial profile of the overall emission intensity of the second positive system (C 3 Π u ->B 3 Π g ) emitted from the positive pulse corona discharge of N 2 and air in a line-cylinder reactor was successfully recorded against a severe electromagnetic pulse interference coming from the corona discharge at room temperature and 1atm. The relation...
A numerical method is developed for the two-dimensional axis-symmetric model of evolution of arc plasma based on a set of electrostatic magneto hydrodynamic equations. Up-wind schemes are used for the density, velocity and temperature of the arc plasmas on uniform meshes in space. The distributions and evolutions of the density, velocity field, temperature, electric potential, current density, azimuthal...
The structure of the plasma sheath in an oblique magnetic field with the fluid method was investigated. In various magnitude and directions of the magnetic field, the electron and ion density distribution, ion flow velocity, electron potential and Bohm's criterion have been calculated. It is shown that magnetic field has obvious effect on the plasma sheath. Under the action of electrostatic and Lorentz...
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