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Heralded single-photon sources are a standard experimental tool for studying quantum optics and quantum information in few-photon systems. These sources use spontaneous parametric wave mixing to probabilistically emit pairs of photons. One photon of the pair, the heralding photon, is detected to indicate the presence of the other. In theory, the maximal probability of emitting a single pair of photons...
Given an experimental set-up and a fixed number of measurements, how should one take data in order to optimally reconstruct the state of a quantum system? We show how to calculate the optimal design explicitly.
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