Search results for: Phillip E. Savage

Items from 1 to 20 out of 94 results

article

Effect of temperature, water loading, and Ru/C catalyst on water-insoluble and water-soluble biocrude fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

Donghai Xu, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2017 > 239 > C > 1-6

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converts algal biomass into a crude bio-oil (biocrude) and aqueous-phase products. The effect of temperature, water loading, and added H₂ and/or Ru/C catalyst on the properties of the biocrude that spontaneously separates from the aqueous phase post reaction and also the biocrude that is extractable from the aqueous phase by dichloromethane is explored herein. This...

article

Influence of process conditions and interventions on metals content in biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Jimeng Jiang, Phillip E. Savage

Algal Research > 2017 > 26 > C > 131-134

We determined how different reaction conditions influence the metals contents in biocrude oil and other product fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae. We then assessed the effect of using different solvents for biocrude recovery and adding catalysts on the metal content in the biocrude. The Fe content was lower and the Na content higher in biocrude produced at higher temperature...

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Influence of biodiversity, biochemical composition, and species identity on the quality of biomass and biocrude oil produced via hydrothermal liquefaction

David C. Hietala, Cristina K. Koss, Anita Narwani, Aubrey R. Lashaway, more

Algal Research > 2017 > 26 > C > 203-214

We compared several measures of quality for biomass and biocrude oil produced via hydrothermal liquefaction for monocultures and polycultures of the freshwater microalgae Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella sorokiniana, Pediastrum duplex, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Scenedesmus ecornis, and Selenastrum capricornutum. On average, the 2-species cultures provided product quality comparable to that of the...

article

Modeling the effects of microalga biochemical content on the kinetics and biocrude yields from hydrothermal liquefaction

James D. Sheehan, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2017 > 239 > C > 144-150

A kinetic model for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae was developed and its performance in predicting biocrude yields was tested. Kinetic interactions between algal proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids were also included for the first time. These interactions provided a better fit of the data used to determine model parameters, but the kinetics model lacking interactions provided a...

article

Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions

Lili Qian, Shuzhong Wang, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2017 > 232 > C > 27-34

We investigated the effects of water loading, sludge moisture content, recovery solvent, and additives on the product yields and compositions from isothermal (673K, 60min) and fast (773K, 1min) hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge. The water loading (which affects pressure within the reactor) plays a small role in product yields. The sludge moisture content had a larger effect with the...

article

Algal polycultures enhance coproduct recycling from hydrothermal liquefaction

Casey M. Godwin, David C. Hietala, Aubrey R. Lashaway, Anita Narwani, more

Bioresource Technology > 2017 > 224 > C > 630-638

The aim of this study was to determine if polycultures of algae could enhance tolerance to aqueous-phase coproduct (ACP) from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algal biomass to produce biocrude. The growth of algal monocultures and polycultures was characterized across a range ACP concentrations and sources. All of the monocultures were either killed or inhibited by 2% ACP, but polycultures of the...

article

Hydrocarbon chemicals from hydrothermal processing of renewable oils over HZSM-5

Na Mo, Jarrett Pennebacker, Phillip E. Savage

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery > 2017 > 7 > 4 > 437-443

We used the hydrothermal catalytic reaction (400 ℃, 200 bar, 180 min) of renewable triglyceride feedstocks over zeolite HZSM-5 to produce hydrocarbons. Crude algal oil, cold-pressed coconut oil, peanut oil, and lard were converted into aromatics, alkanes, and fuel gases in varying yields and proportions. The most abundant liquid products from coconut oil, peanut oil, and lard were xylenes and toluene,...

article

A quantitative kinetic model for the fast and isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.

David C. Hietala, Julia L. Faeth, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2016 > 214 > C > 102-111

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a technology for converting algal biomass into biocrude oil and high-value products. To elucidate the underlying kinetics for this process, we conducted isothermal and non-isothermal reactions over a broad range of holding times (10s–60min), temperatures (100–400°C), and average heating rates (110–350°Cmin⁻¹). Biocrude reached high yields (⩾37wt%) within 2min for...

article

Near- and supercritical ethanol treatment of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Le Yang, Yongdan Li, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2016 > 211 > C > 779-782

Biocrude produced from algae by hydrothermal liquefaction was treated with near- and supercritical ethanol and ethanol–water mixtures at 210–290°C for 0.5–4h. Longer reaction times and higher temperatures better promoted esterification reactions. Dilution of the ethanol with water led to lower yields of treated biocrude and reduced ester content. The viscosity of treated biocrude was an order of magnitude...

article

Effects of processing conditions on biocrude yields from fast hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Julia L. Faeth, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2016 > 206 > C > 290-293

This study investigated the effects of algae species, reaction time, and reactor loading on the biocrude yield from fast hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae. Fast HTL reaction times were always less than 2min and employed rapid heating and nonisothermal conditions. The highest biocrude yield obtained was 67±5wt.% (dry basis). With all other process variables fixed, increasing the reaction...

article

Characterization of products from fast and isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Julia L. Faeth, Phillip E. Savage, Jacqueline M. Jarvis, Amy M. McKenna, more

AIChE Journal > 62 > 3 > 815 - 828

We investigated nonisothermal (fast) and nominally isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae for the production of biocrude. Biocrude yields ranged from 36 to 45 wt % (dry weight), with fast HTL with low mass loading giving the highest yield. This condition also gave the biocrude with the lowest heating value, which indicates there are compromises to be made between...

article

Effect of reaction time and algae loading on water-soluble and insoluble biocrude fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

Donghai Xu, Phillip E. Savage

Algal Research > 2015 > 12 > C > 60-67

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae produces a water-insoluble organic phase (biocrude) and an aqueous phase that also contains algae-derived organic compounds (water-soluble biocrude). We determined the influences of the HTL reaction time and algae loading (wt.% biomass in algae paste) on the yields and compositions of these two biocrudes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first detailed...

article

Hydrothermal decarboxylation of unsaturated fatty acids over PtSnx/C catalysts

Thomas M. Yeh, Ryan L. Hockstad, Suljo Linic, Phillip E. Savage

Fuel > 2015 > 156 > Complete > 219-224

Decarboxylation of fatty acids is a path to fuel-range hydrocarbons from renewable plant and seed oils. Pt/C is an effective hydrothermal catalyst for decarboxylating saturated fatty acids without added hydrogen, but it has shown low selectivity and activity for decarboxylating unsaturated fatty acids, which are prevalent in plant oils from soy and algae. To develop better decarboxylation catalysts,...

article

Catalytic gasification of indole in supercritical water

Yang Guo, Shuzhong Wang, Thomas Yeh, Phillip E. Savage

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental > 2015 > 166-167 > C > 202-210

We tested Ru/C, Pt/C, Pd/C, Pt/Al₂O₃, Pd/Al₂O₃, activated carbon, and Ni–Ru/CeO₂ catalysts for the gasification of indole in supercritical water. All of the materials enhanced the gasification of this nitrogen-containing compound, but the bimetallic catalyst, Ni–Ru/CeO₂, showed the highest activity for producing CO and CH₄ and for converting indole. We focused on this catalyst in more detail. The...

article

Supercritical water gasification of lipid-extracted hydrochar to recover energy and nutrients

Yingda Lu, Phillip E. Savage

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids > 2015 > 99 > Complete > 88-94

This article reports experiments where lipid-extracted algal hydrochar (LEH) was gasified in supercritical water to recover energy (in the form of fuel gases) for use within a biorefinery and to recycle nitrogen (in the form of ammonium) for algae growth. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of LEH at 450–600°C produced H ₂ , CO ₂ , CH ₄ , CO, C ₂ H ₄ , and...

article

Reaction pathways and kinetics of cholesterol in high-temperature water

David C. Hietala, Phillip E. Savage

Chemical Engineering Journal > 2015 > 265 > Complete > 129-137

We investigated the reaction of cholesterol, a model compound for sterols in microalgae, in high-temperature water at 300, 325, and 350°C. Products nearly entirely consisted of cholestadienes, with cholesta-2,4-diene, cholesta-3,5-diene, and cholesta-4,6-diene being the most abundant isomers. Cholesta-3,5-diene was the only primary product, formed via dehydration of cholesterol. Cholesta-2,4-diene...

article

Corrigendum to “Deoxygenation of benzofuran in supercritical water over a platinum catalyst” [Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 123–124 (2012) 357–366]

Jacob G. Dickinson, Jack T. Poberezny, Phillip E. Savage

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental > 2014 > 160-161 > Complete > 742

article

Characterization of biocrudes recovered with and without solvent after hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

Donghai Xu, Phillip E. Savage

Algal Research > 2014 > 6 > Part A > 1-7

Bench-scale, batch experiments exploring algae hydrothermal liquefaction typically use organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM) to recover biocrude from the reactor contents. Commercial-scale, continuous processes, however, may separate biocrude and the aqueous phase co-product without solvent use. Herein, we provide the first thorough examination of the influence of DCM extraction on biocrude...

article

A general kinetic model for the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Peter J. Valdez, Vincent J. Tocco, Phillip E. Savage

Bioresource Technology > 2014 > 163 > C > 123-127

We developed a general kinetic model for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae. The model, which allows the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate fractions of the cell to react at different rates, successfully correlated experimental data for the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella protothecoides, Scenedesmus sp., and Nannochloropsis sp. The model can faithfully account for the influence of...

article

Stability and activity of Pt and Ni catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation in supercritical water

Jacob G. Dickinson, Phillip E. Savage

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical > 2014 > 388-389 > C > 56-65

We determined the stability, activity, and selectivity of Pt/C, Ni/SiO₂Al₂O₃, Raney Ni 2800, and Raney NiCu for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of o-cresol in supercritical water at 380°C. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using a renewable chemical, formic acid, for the in situ production of the H₂ needed for HDO. Pt/C, Raney Ni, and Raney NiCu were stable in supercritical water, but only Pt/C...

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Search results for: Phillip E. Savage

Effect of temperature, water loading, and Ru/C catalyst on water-insoluble and water-soluble biocrude fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

Influence of process conditions and interventions on metals content in biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Influence of biodiversity, biochemical composition, and species identity on the quality of biomass and biocrude oil produced via hydrothermal liquefaction

Modeling the effects of microalga biochemical content on the kinetics and biocrude yields from hydrothermal liquefaction

Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions

Algal polycultures enhance coproduct recycling from hydrothermal liquefaction

Hydrocarbon chemicals from hydrothermal processing of renewable oils over HZSM-5

A quantitative kinetic model for the fast and isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.

Near- and supercritical ethanol treatment of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Effects of processing conditions on biocrude yields from fast hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Characterization of products from fast and isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Effect of reaction time and algae loading on water-soluble and insoluble biocrude fractions from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

Hydrothermal decarboxylation of unsaturated fatty acids over PtSnx/C catalysts

Catalytic gasification of indole in supercritical water

Supercritical water gasification of lipid-extracted hydrochar to recover energy and nutrients

Reaction pathways and kinetics of cholesterol in high-temperature water

Corrigendum to “Deoxygenation of benzofuran in supercritical water over a platinum catalyst” [Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 123–124 (2012) 357–366]

Characterization of biocrudes recovered with and without solvent after hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

A general kinetic model for the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Stability and activity of Pt and Ni catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation in supercritical water

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