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Nowadays, with the increasing concerns on global environment pollution and energy security, electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as the potential to offer a solution for transportation [1].
The stress relaxation behavior of copper thin films in electro-thermo-mechanical multiple fields has been studied by a developed wafer-curvature method. Experimental results reveal that the electromigration plays an important role in the relaxation process. At tensile stress state, coupled surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion are the dominant mechanisms even at low temperature. In addition,...
A 99.99wt.% copper plate with a surface layer containing a high density of nano-scaled twins has been synthesized by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The friction and wear characteristics of the nano-twinned Cu sample were investigated in comparison with those of equiaxed nanocrystalline Cu and coarse-grained (CG) Cu samples. The tribological properties are markedly enhanced...
Microstructural evolution and grain refinement in pure Cu subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) were investigated by means of systematic transmission electron microscope observations. Two different mechanisms for plastic strain-induced grain refinement in Cu were identified, corresponding to different levels of strain rate. In the subsurface layer of the SMAT Cu samples with low...
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