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The development of a highly efficient heterogeneous catalysis process for the hydrolysis of cellulose to reducing sugars (RSs) and especially 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water is highly anticipated for large-scale use of cellulosic biomass in the future. Herein, a bamboo-derived biochar sulfonic acid bearing polyamide (BCSA-PA) designed by us was found to show much higher catalytic activity,...
The production of dissolving pulp from bamboo-willow (Salix salicaceae or Zhuliu in Chinese) was investigated. It is one of the new fast-growing tree species with strong cold resistance and can grow well in arid areas. Bamboo-willow chips were prehydrolyzed with phosphoric acid and subsequently pulped via the Kraft process. Phosphoric acid was used to dissolve hemicelluloses from bamboo-willow. The...
To investigate the solvent/solute interactions that take place during the dissolution of cellulose, cellobiose was employed as a model of the longer-chain cellulose molecule in a dissolution study of the cellobiose/LiCl/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) system, conducted using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C, 35Cl, and 7Li NMR spectroscopy, and conductivity...
This article first discloses that the fluorine anion-containing ionic liquids-functionalized biochar sulfonic acids (BCSA-IL-F1–3s), which were simply synthesized by an ionic exchange of 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) grafted on the BCSA with CF3SO3H (HF1), HBF4 (HF2), HPF6 (HF3), respectively, can efficiently catalyze cellulose hydrolysis into reducing sugars (RSs) and...
The effects of chloride salts on the dissolution of cellobiose in aqueous solution were investigated using calorimetry and 1H NMR. The dissolution of cellobiose in salt solutions is a typical entropy-driven process. The activity of ZnCl2 and LiCl hydrated ions is enhanced as the hydration number decreases with increasing temperature. Zn2+ and Li+ hydrates can interact with the oxygen atoms at the...
Polar aprotic solvents are considered to act as cosolvents with ionic liquids (ILs) for cellulose, strengthening the solvating ability of ILs by improving their cellulose solvating kinetics without influencing the solubility of cellulose in ILs. In this work, it was found that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at low concentration improves the cellulose solvating ability of [AMIM][Cl], but weakens it at high...
The extensional flow behaviors of cellulose/NaOH/urea/H2O solution were investigated by using capillary breakup extensional rheometry (CaBER). The effects of temperature, storage time and cellulose concentrations on both the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ were also analyzed. For 2 wt% cellulose solution, the G′, G″ and filament lifetime remained unchanged after long storage time. While,...
Rheological properties of cellulose solutions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/dimethyl sulfoxide ([Emim]Cl/DMSO, 7/3, w/w) in a wide range of concentration and temperature were investigated. The viscosity of cellulose/[Emim]Cl/DMSO solution agrees well with the complex viscosity suggesting Cox–Merz law is valid for the solution. The viscosity contributed by cellulose (η0–ηs) and cellulose...
Cellobiose was used as a model compound for cellulose to study dissolution in aqueous systems with additives. The dissolution of cellobiose in alkali solutions is a typical exothermic enthalpy-driven process, confirming that lower temperature is beneficial for dissolution of cellulose in NaOH aqueous systems. OH− plays an important role in cellobiose dissolution by forming cellobiose–OH− hydrogen-bonded...
A chlorozincate ionic liquid-functionalized biochar sulfonic acid (BC-SO3H-IL-Zn) was designed and conveniently prepared via multistep processes, involving the syntheses of biochar sulfonic acid (BC-SO3H) and 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL)-ZnCl2 (IL-Zn), followed by grafting the IL-Zn onto BC-SO3H. The proposed catalyst was found to show a much higher turnover number (TON,...
Three pairs of solid substrates from dilute acid pretreatment of two poplar wood samples were enzymatically hydrolyzed by cellulase preparations supplemented with xylanase. Supplementation of xylanase improved cellulose saccharification perhaps due to improved cellulose accessibility by xylan hydrolysis. Total xylan removal directly affected enzymatic cellulose saccharification. Furthermore, xylan...
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