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Efficient and accurate protein translation is essential to producing insulin in pancreatic β‐cells. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is known as the key component of the protein translational machinery. Interestingly, tRNA contains a wide variety of chemical modifications, which are posttranscriptionally catalysed by tRNA modifying enzymes. Recent advances in genome‐sequencing technology have unveiled a number...
A subset of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) contains taurine-derived modifications at 34U of the anticodon. Loss of taurine modification has been linked to the development of mitochondrial diseases, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we showed that taurine modification is catalyzed by mitochondrial optimization 1 (Mto1) in mammals. Mto1 deficiency severely impaired mitochondrial translation...
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