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Key points
Patients with end‐stage renal failure need arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) to undergo dialysis. However, AVFs present a high rate of failure as a result of excessive venous thickness.
Excessive venous thickness may be a consequence of surgical dissection and change in oxygen concentration within the venous wall.
We show that venous cells adapt their metabolism and growth depending on oxygen...
Neointimal hyperplasia remains an obstacle after vascular interventions. Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) antibody treatment decreases tumor cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors, and several antineoplastic drugs show efficacy against neointimal hyperplasia. We hypothesized that inhibition of PD‐1 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rat patch angioplasty model. In a rat aorta patch angioplasty...
Both neointimal hyperplasia and inward remodeling contribute to restenosis and lumen loss. Nogo-B has been recently described as an inhibitor of vascular injury and neointimal hyperplasia. To determine whether Nogo-B expression may be a mediator of inward remodeling, we examine the localization of expression of Nogo-B in an in vivo model that examines both neointimal hyperplasia and inward remodeling...
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