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Congruent Zr/Er:LiNbO 3 and Zr/Er/Yb:LiNbO 3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique. The structural properties of the grown crystals were confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The introduction of Zr 4+ ions decreased the intensities of the green and red upconversion emissions in Er:LiNbO 3 crystal. The green emission resulted from the two-...
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