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Nanomanipulation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been demonstrated as an enabling technique for the manipulation and characterization of nanomate-rials. We recently developed nanomanipulation techniques for the extraction and identification of DNA contained within sub-nuclear locations of a single cell nucleus. In nanomanipulation of DNA, a key step is target identification through SEM-fluorescence...
A frequency-locked-loop optimized for output frequency accuracy and locking time is implemented in a 90nm CMOS technology. The output frequency ranges from 7–9.8GHz with a reference frequency at 130MHz. The accuracy of the output frequency is 130ppm, achieved by minimizing and dithering the fine tuning bits of the oscillator. The estimated locking-time is below 50 reference clock cycles, thanks to...
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