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Recent publications questioned the validity of endothelial cell (EC) culture studies of glycocalyx (GCX) function, due to findings that GCX in vitro may be substantially thinner than in vivo. The assessment of thickness differences is complicated by GCX collapse during dehydration for traditional electron microscopy. We measured in vitro GCX thickness using rapid freezing/freeze substitution transmission...
The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) mediates flow-induced nitric oxide release via heparan sulfate (HS), but the GCX structure is unclear and the specific HS core protein(s) involved in this mechanotransduction is unknown. Our study tests the hypotheses that flow regulates GCX thickness and organization and that the HS glypican-1 core protein mediates flow-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide...
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