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In order to address challenges caused by an increasing need for power transmission, embedded bipolar HVDC links utilizing Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC-HVDC) technology present a preferred solution as several operational and dynamic advantages compared to conventional ac grid enforcement are provided. In this paper, an approach to quickly detect and handle internal as well as dc-side faults in...
Besides offshore applications, MMC-HVDC is discussed for embedded onshore structures. In contrast to their maritime counterparts, these systems shall be carried out with overhead transmission lines to minimize investment costs. To avoid a full outage in case of a dc fault, bipolar topologies seem advantageous considering reliability aspects. While ground currents during asymmetric operation are unwanted,...
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