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Highly oriented β-PVDF thin layer was produced by shearing the supercooled PVDF melt at 160 oC with a knife blade. The oriented β-PVDF crystals were found to be effective inducing the transcrystallization of the non-sheared PVDF melt at 160 oC and leading to the formation of a transcrystalline α-PVDF layer. Annealing of the transcrystalline α-PVDF, the well-known α-to-γ' phase transition takes place...
We present a new route of tethering graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to enable their alignment in an epoxy using a weak magnetic field. The GNPs are first stabilized in water using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are then attached via co-precipitation. The resultant Fe3O4/PVP-GNPs nanohybrids are superparamagnetic and can be aligned in an epoxy resin, before...
Novel magnetite-carbon nanofiber hybrids (denoted by “Fe3O4@CNFs”) have been developed by coating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with magnetite nanoparticles in order to align CNFs in epoxy using a relatively weak magnetic field. Experimental results have shown that a weak magnetic field (∼50 mT) can align these newly-developed nanofiber hybrids to form a chain-like structure in the epoxy resin. Upon curing,...
Wireless transduction of light into mechanical work manifested as shape-changing surfaces, adaptive structures, or actuators is a topic of considerable recent interest. In the work reported here, the photomechanical responses of a new series of crosslinked azobenzene-functionalized polyimides prepared with increasing backbone rigidity over a range of crosslinker concentrations are examined. The baseline...
Shape memory in polymers is a process whereby mechanical energy is microscopically stored, and reversibly recovered within the polymer. Consideration of the viscoelastic and glassy dynamics necessary for each step of the process reveals key molecular characteristics that may improve performance, including a rigid polymer backbone with narrow molecular weight distribution between a low fraction of...
High-performance aerospace-grade polyimides such as CP2 fulfill many important roles in a wide range of applications. A thorough understanding of the polymer matrix’s physiochemical properties is an important consideration when developing polymer nanocomposite materials. In this work, we report the dielectric properties of polyimide CP2 including the primary and two secondary dipole relaxations, and...
A series of 2,2′-disubstituted-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl monomers was prepared from 3,4,5-tris(n-alkoxy)benzyl chlorides (n=5, 6, 8, 10, 12) and tetramethylammonium salt of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenic acid, which was synthesized from two different 5-step routes. 2,2′-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid was synthesized via 5-step route. A series of aromatic polyesters containing multiple alkyl...
Two series of diamine monomers, i.e., 4-[3,4,5-tris(n-alkan-1-yloxy)benzyl]-3,5-diaminobenzoate and 2,2′-bis{4-[3,4,5-tris(n-alkan-1-yloxy)benzoate]}-4,4′-biphenyldiamines containing multiple alkyl side chains, were synthesized in which the length of the alkyl side chains was varied from 5 to 18 ethylene units. Polyetherimides (PEIs) were prepared from these two diamines and bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane...
Direct covalent attachment of amorphous and semicrystalline polyetherketones onto the surface of either an as-received multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) or a vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with optimized P 2 O 5 content resulted in uniform grafting of polyetherketones to these carbon nanoscale materials. Soxhlet extraction experiment, the spectra...
The synthesis and isolation of 6-phenylethynyl picolinic acid (PEPCA; IUPAC name: 6-(2-phenylethynyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) was first demonstrated when Acinetobacter sp. strain F4 was used to biotransform diphenylacetylene to the ring-fission product that underwent facile ring closure to form PEPCA in the presence of ammonium ions. Here, the structure and properties of PEPCA were confirmed by...
A novel p-n diblock copolymer constituted of 2,2'-bipyridylene vinylene and 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene moieties was synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical properties of the copolymer were evaluated and the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymer were estimated by cyclic voltammetry. The polymer demonstrated intrinsically balanced tendencies for injecting and...
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