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In our extended Guyton's model, the ability of heart to pump blood is characterized by a cardiac output curve and the ability of vasculature to pool blood by a venous return surface. These intersect in a three-dimensional coordinate system at the operating right atrial pressure, left atrial pressure, and cardiac output. The baseline cardiac output curve and venous return surface and their changes...
Comprehensive understanding of hemodynamics remains a challenge even for expert cardiologists, partially due to a lack of an appropriate macroscopic model. We attempted to amend three major problems of Guyton's conceptual model (unknown left atrial pressure, unilateral heart damage, blood redistribution) and developed a comprehensive macroscopic model of hemodynamics that provides quantitative information...
The ultimate goal of disease treatment is to control the biological system beyond the native regulation to combat pathological process. To maximize the advantage of drugs, we attempted to pharmacologically control the biological system at will, e.g., control multiple hemodynamic variables with multiple cardiovascular drugs. A comprehensive physiological cardiovascular model enabled us to evaluate...
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