Search results for: K. Shaw

Items from 1 to 20 out of 955 results

article

Association between multimorbidity and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing major surgery: a prospective study in 29 countries across Europe

STARSurg Collaborative, EuroSurg Collaborative, S. K. Kamarajah, O. Kouli, more

Background Multimorbidity poses a global challenge to healthcare delivery. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of multimorbidity, common disease combinations and outcomes in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods This was a pre‐planned analysis of a prospective, multicentre, international study investigating cardiovascular complications after major...

article

Impact of postoperative cardiovascular complications on 30‐day mortality after major abdominal surgery: an international prospective cohort study

STARSurg Collaborative, the EuroSurg Collaborative, O Kouli, D Chaudhry, more

Anaesthesia > 79 > 7 > 715 - 724

Cardiovascular complications after major surgery are associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. There is confusion over definitions of cardiac injury or complications, and variability in the assessment and management of patients. This international prospective cohort study aimed to define the incidence and timing of these complications and to investigate their impact on 30‐day all‐cause...

article

Pathogen evolution following spillover from a resident to a migrant host population depends on interactions between host pace of life and tolerance to infection

Martha Torstenson, Allison K. Shaw

Journal of Animal Ecology > 93 > 4 > 475 - 487

Changes to migration routes and phenology create novel contact patterns among hosts and pathogens. These novel contact patterns can lead to pathogens spilling over between resident and migrant populations. Predicting the consequences of such pathogen spillover events requires understanding how pathogen evolution depends on host movement behaviour. Following spillover, pathogens may evolve changes...

article

A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour

Allison K. Shaw, Marie Levet, Sandra A. Binning

Ecology Letters > 26 > 11 > 1987 - 2002

Animal migration impacts organismal health and parasite transmission: migrants are simultaneously exposed to parasites and able to reduce infection for both individuals and populations. However, these dynamics are difficult to study; empirical studies reveal disparate results while existing theory makes assumptions that simplify natural complexity. Here, we systematically review empirical studies...

article

The experiences of autistic medical students: A phenomenological study

Sebastian C. K. Shaw, Mary Doherty, John L. Anderson

Medical Education > 57 > 10 > 971 - 979

Background Increasing recognition of autism is reflected in the growing awareness of autistic health care providers. Regulatory bodies including the UK General Medical Council and the UK Medical Schools Council have published guidance fostering inclusion. Whilst many autistic doctors and students are thriving, many may not disclose their diagnosis unless difficulties arise, which perpetuates stereotypes...

article

Experimental characterization optimizing the alignment parameter for GNP epoxy base nanocomposite via a weak DC magnetic field

Anupam Tiwari, S. K. Panda, S. K. Shaw

Polymers for Advanced Technologies > 34 > 10 > 3164 - 3182

Graphene has been hailed by scientists as the “wonder material” of the 21st century. Despite the impressive mechanical and electrical qualities of graphene in its unprocessed state, graphene‐based epoxy nanocomposites can only be used as a structural material on a small scale. The random dispersion and orientation of graphene in epoxy cause the failure. Magnetite Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are synthesized...

article

Perturbations in spike‐specific peripheral T follicular helper cells in SARS‐CoV2 breakthrough convalescent individuals immunized by BBV152 vaccine

Soumya Sengupta, Shubham K. Shaw, Sanchari Chatterjee, Gargee Bhattacharya, more

Journal of Medical Virology > 95 > 9 > n/a - n/a

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov2) infection has caused an increase in mortality and morbidity, but with vaccination, the disease severity has significantly reduced. With the emergence of various variants of concern (VOCs), the vaccine breakthrough infection has also increased. Here we studied circulating spike‐specific T follicular response (cTfh) in infection‐naïve vaccinees...

article

Pushed to the edge: Spatial sorting can slow down invasions

Allison K. Shaw, Frithjof Lutscher, Lea Popovic

Ecology Letters > 26 > 8 > 1293 - 1300

Our ability to understand population spread dynamics is complicated by rapid evolution, which renders simple ecological models insufficient. If dispersal ability evolves, more highly dispersive individuals may arrive at the population edge than less dispersive individuals (spatial sorting), accelerating spread. If individuals at the low‐density population edge benefit (escape competition), high dispersers...

article

Lagging coverage for mental health services among children and adolescents through home and community‐based Medicaid waivers

Jessica Keim‐Malpass, Leeza Constantoulakis, Emily K. Shaw, Lisa C. Letzkus

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing > 36 > 1 > 21 - 27

Problem Many states cover mental health home and community‐based services (HCBS) for youth through 1915(c) Medicaid HCBS waivers that allow states to waive certain Medicaid eligibility criteria and define high‐risk populations based on age, medical condition(s), and disability status. We sought to evaluate how States are covering children and adolescents with mental health needs through 1915(c) waivers...

article

How to outrun your parasites (or mutualists): symbiont transmission mode is key

Allison K. Shaw

Oikos > 2022 > 11 > n/a - n/a

Interspecific interactions shape how and when species, and population, ranges change. Natural enemies, like parasites, can slow population spread, or, conversely, a population can ‘outrun' its enemies and spread uninhibited. Yet, less is known about how mutualistic interactions shape population spread, and what role outrunning mutualistic partners plays. Here, I examine host–symbiont interactions...

article

How to study parasites and host migration: a roadmap for empiricists

Sandra A. Binning, Meggan E. Craft, Marlene Zuk, Allison K. Shaw

Biological Reviews > 97 > 3 > 1161 - 1178

Animal migration (round‐trip, predictable movements) takes individuals across space and time, bringing them into contact with new communities of organisms. In particular, migratory movements shape (and are shaped by) the costs and risk of parasite transmission. Unfortunately, our understanding of how migration and parasite infection interact has not proceeded evenly. Although numerous conceptual frameworks...

article

Migration and tolerance shape host behaviour and response to parasite infection

Dongmin Kim, Allison K. Shaw

Journal of Animal Ecology > 90 > 10 > 2315 - 2324

Numerous theoretical models have demonstrated that migration, a seasonal animal movement behaviour, can minimize the risks and costs of parasite infection. Past work on migration–infection interactions assumes migration is the only strategy available to organisms for dealing with the parasite infection, that is they migrate to a different environment to recover or escape from infection. Thus, migration...

article

Transgender health in medical education

Laura R. Hennessy, Sebastian C. K. Shaw

The Clinical Teacher > 18 > 5 > 479 - 481

article

Consequences of ignoring dispersal variation in network models for landscape connectivity

Lauren L. Sullivan, Matthew J. Michalska‐Smith, Katie P. Sperry, David A. Moeller, more

Conservation Biology > 35 > 3 > 944 - 954

Habitat loss and fragmentation can negatively influence population persistence and biodiversity, but the effects can be mitigated if species successfully disperse between isolated habitat patches. Network models are the primary tool for quantifying landscape connectivity, yet in practice, an overly simplistic view of species dispersal is applied. These models often ignore individual variation in dispersal...

article

Vector demography, dispersal and the spread of disease: Experimental epidemics under elevated resource supply

Alexander T. Strauss, Jeremiah A. Henning, Anita Porath‐Krause, Ashley L. Asmus, more

Functional Ecology > 34 > 12 > 2560 - 2570

The spread of many diseases depends on the demography and dispersal of arthropod vectors. Classic epidemiological theory typically ignores vector dynamics and instead makes the simplifying assumption of frequency‐dependent transmission. Yet, vector ecology may be critical for understanding the spread of disease over space and time and how disease dynamics respond to environmental change. Here,...

article

Infection state can affect host migratory decisions

Naven Narayanan, Sandra Ann Binning, Allison K. Shaw

Oikos > 129 > 10 > 1493 - 1503

Organisms across a wide range of taxa use migration as a strategy to avoid, reduce or recover from parasitic infection. Previous work has identified three different processes by which migration can help reduce infection risk and/or costs: migratory escape from infection, migratory culling of infected individuals and migratory recovery from infection. However, most theoretical modelling of host migration...

article

Recovery from infection is more likely to favour the evolution of migration than social escape from infection

Allison K. Shaw, Sandra A. Binning, Bethany Hoye

Journal of Animal Ecology > 89 > 6 > 1448 - 1457

Pathogen and parasite infections are increasingly recognized as powerful drivers of animal movement, including migration. Yet, infection‐related migration benefits can result from a combination of environmental and/or social conditions, which can be difficult to disentangle. Here, we focus on two infection‐related mechanisms that can favour migration: moving to escape versus recover from infection...

article

Trait plasticity alters the range of possible coexistence conditions in a competition–colonisation trade‐off

Ranjan Muthukrishnan, Lauren L. Sullivan, Allison K. Shaw, James D. Forester, more

Ecology Letters > 23 > 5 > 791 - 799

Most of the classical theory on species coexistence has been based on species‐level competitive trade‐offs. However, it is becoming apparent that plant species display high levels of trait plasticity. The implications of this plasticity are almost completely unknown for most coexistence theory. Here, we model a competition–colonisation trade‐off and incorporate trait plasticity to evaluate its effects...

article

An inordinate fondness for species with intermediate dispersal abilities

Ben Ashby, Allison K. Shaw, Hanna Kokko

Oikos > 129 > 3 > 311 - 319

J. B. S. Haldane is widely quoted to have quipped that the Creator, if one exists, has an inordinate fondness for beetles. Although Coleoptera may not be the most speciose order once Hymenopteran diversity is fully accounted for, as a whole the very clear differences in species diversity among taxa require an explanation. Here we use stochastic simulations to show that dispersal has eco‐evolutionary...

article

Cambiarenes: Single‐Step Synthesis and Selective Zwitterion Binding of a Clip‐Shaped Macrocycle with a Redox‐Active Core

Riley J. Petersen, Brett J. Rozeboom, Shalisa M. Oburn, Nolan J. Blythe, more

Chemistry – A European Journal > 26 > 9 > 1928 - 1930

A novel macrocyclic host molecule was synthesized that forms in a single step from commercially available starting materials. The core of the macrocycle backbone possesses two quinone rings and, thus, it is redox‐active. Host–guest binding involving the clip‐shaped cavity indicates selective binding of pyridine N‐oxides based on the electron density of and steric bulk around the anionic oxygen.

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INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: K. Shaw

Association between multimorbidity and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing major surgery: a prospective study in 29 countries across Europe

Impact of postoperative cardiovascular complications on 30‐day mortality after major abdominal surgery: an international prospective cohort study

Pathogen evolution following spillover from a resident to a migrant host population depends on interactions between host pace of life and tolerance to infection

A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour

The experiences of autistic medical students: A phenomenological study

Experimental characterization optimizing the alignment parameter for GNP epoxy base nanocomposite via a weak DC magnetic field

Perturbations in spike‐specific peripheral T follicular helper cells in SARS‐CoV2 breakthrough convalescent individuals immunized by BBV152 vaccine

Pushed to the edge: Spatial sorting can slow down invasions

Lagging coverage for mental health services among children and adolescents through home and community‐based Medicaid waivers

How to outrun your parasites (or mutualists): symbiont transmission mode is key

How to study parasites and host migration: a roadmap for empiricists

Migration and tolerance shape host behaviour and response to parasite infection

Transgender health in medical education

Consequences of ignoring dispersal variation in network models for landscape connectivity

Vector demography, dispersal and the spread of disease: Experimental epidemics under elevated resource supply

Infection state can affect host migratory decisions

Recovery from infection is more likely to favour the evolution of migration than social escape from infection

Trait plasticity alters the range of possible coexistence conditions in a competition–colonisation trade‐off

An inordinate fondness for species with intermediate dispersal abilities

Cambiarenes: Single‐Step Synthesis and Selective Zwitterion Binding of a Clip‐Shaped Macrocycle with a Redox‐Active Core

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