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As the novel loss management model, the Energy Performance Contract (EPC) has been gradual becoming the new management style in China. However, the EPC has been not formed a unified standard due to lacking of the mature baseline of the loss reduction index and the differentiated energy efficiency benchmarking model. In order to solve these problems, the optimal allocation of electric equipments and...
When high voltage direct current (HVDC) system is under the monopolar operation mode, huge direct current (DC) is injected into the earth through the DC grounding electrode, which will result in earth potential changes in a wide range of area. In this case, DC will be coupled into the nearby alternating current (AC) power grid and have some bad influences, called DC bias phenomenon, on the measuring...
IEC 61850 was proposed as a standard protocol for communications within the substation. In its current edition, the standard does not cover communications outside the substation, either with the control center or with other substations, for instance for remote protection. However, during the recent years, there has been a general belief that some features of the standard can be efficiently utilized...
Modern installations have become sensitive to power quality (PQ) related problems because more sophisticated devices with non-linear operating characteristics are often used there. On the contrary, most of these devices produce emissions that could decrease the PQ level of the network. It is becoming an increasing problem for the network operators to maintain good voltage quality because of the interactions...
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