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In this paper, we analyze the propagation effects of hilly and mountainous terrain on lightning magnetic fields by using a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. We show that the waveshape, peak value and time delay of the magnetic fields can be significantly affected when propagating along a hilly terrain. It is found in particular that the time delay of the magnetic...
Bi2Se3 is one of the promising topological insulator (TI) materials, which have both helical spin polarization and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In this work, high quality Bi2Se3 thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The central part of the Bi2Se3 layer was covered with a permalloy (Ni80Fe20) layer by ion-beam sputtering (IBS) with a shadow...
Current-induced spin-transfer torque (STT) is a mainstream method of switching the magnetization of free layer of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) [1-2]. However, currently STT-MTJ is suffering from speed and energy bottlenecks caused by two tradeoffs: firstly, since the critical write current (Ic0) is proportional to the thermal stability barrier (Δ), it is difficult to reduce Ic0 without decreasing...
Soft magnetic alloys have been widely applied to modern technology devices, such as transformer cores, choke coils and inductive devices. Magnetic field annealing can induce an uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Ku [1-4] so as to improve the soft magnetic properties of alloys for the purpose of coping with different application requirements. So far, FeCo-based nanocrystalline alloys have been explored increasingly...
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