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Objective
To compare vertebral implant placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine between 3D‐printed patient‐specific drill guides (3DPG) and the conventional freehand technique (FH).
Study design
Ex vivo study.
Animals
Cadaveric canine spines (n = 24).
Methods
Implant trajectories were established for the left and right sides of the T10 through L6 vertebrae based on computed tomography (CT)...
Background
Decision‐making regarding varicocele management can be a complex process for patients and families. However, to date, no studies have presented ways to mitigate the decisional conflict surrounding varicoceles.
Objective
To facilitate a discussion among physicians in order to develop a framework of the decision‐making process regarding adolescent varicocele management, which will inform...