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This study focuses on the effects of an aluminosilicate additive on the fate of potassium during biomass combustion. Such additives have shown some success in mitigating slagging and fouling problems in boilers and furnaces, and the mobility of potassium in combustion systems is one of the key factors dictating ash behaviour. To investigate this, a flame emission spectroscopy technique was used to...
One of the more significant characteristics of solid biomass fuels as compared to coal is the quantity of potassium that they contain. Potassium content influences ash deposition and corrosion mechanisms in furnaces, the effects of which may differ depending on phase transformations of potassium species in the gas phase and condensed phase. The fate of potassium from the fuel during the combustion...
The combustion of heavy fuel oils such as Bunker C and vacuum residual oil (VRO) are widely used for industrial applications such as furnaces, power generation and for large marine engines. There is also the possible use of bio-oils derived from biomass. Combustion of these oils generates carbonaceous particulate emissions and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that are both health hazards and...
Co-utilisation of coal and biomass for energy production results in pollutant reduction. Most notable is the impact on NO x , SO x , volatile organic compounds (VOC) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the synergy in toxic organic emission reduction from co-firing or co-gasifying coal and biomass. Co-combustion was studied by...
Short rotation willow coppice (SRC) and a synthetic biomass, a mixture of the basic biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), have been investigated for the influence of potassium on their pyrolysis behaviours. The willow sample was pre-treated to remove salts and metals by hydrochloric acid, and this demineralised sample was impregnated with potassium. The same type of pre-treatment...
The pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of carbons prepared by carbonization of porphyrin- and metalloporphyrin-containing (or phthalocyanine- and vanadyl phthalocyanine-containing) precursors are reported. All the metals studied--V, Fe, Co and Cu--catalysed the combustion of the carbons, regardless of heat-treatment temperature. In general, the reactivities of all the carbons decreased with...
The combustion of coal, and hydrocarbons generally, leads to the formation of small but significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic organic micropollutants (TOMPs), as well as methane. These pollutants are generally considered to be formed in the combustion zone, although it is known that some pollutants, such as dioxins, are found in the cooled flue gases. It is shown here...
Ni-Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts containing two promoters, fluoride and phosphorus, were studied to learn whether the benefits of both promoters could be combined to produce a superior catalyst. Initially, two series of catalysts differing in the sequence of impregnation of the additives were prepared and tested in the hydrocracking of cumene and the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. Catalysts...
Ni Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts containing two promoters, fluoride and phosphorus, were studied to learn whether the benefits of both promoters could be combined to produce a superior catalyst. Initially, two series of catalysts differing in the sequence of impregnation of the additives were prepared and tested in the hydrocracking of cumene and the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. Catalysts...
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