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The ERCC1 and ERCC4 genes encode the two subunits of the ERCC1–XPF nuclease. This enzyme plays an important role in repair of DNA damage and in maintaining genomic stability. ERCC1–XPF nuclease nicks DNA specifically at junctions between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, when the single-strand is oriented 5′ to 3′ away from a junction. ERCC1–XPF is a core component of nucleotide excision repair...
DNA polymerase θ (pol θ) is a nuclear A-family DNA polymerase encoded by the POLQ gene in vertebrate cells. The biochemical properties of pol θ and of Polq-defective mice have suggested that pol θ participates in DNA damage tolerance. For example, pol θ was previously found to be proficient not only in incorporation of a nucleotide opposite a thymine glycol or an abasic site, but also extends a polynucleotide...
For the bulk of mammalian DNA, the core protein factors needed for damage recognition and incision during nucleotide excision repair (NER) are the XPA protein, the heterotrimeric RPA protein, the 6 to 9-subunit TFIIH, the XPC-hHR23B complex, the XPG nuclease, and the ERCC1-XPF nuclease. With varying efficiencies, NER can repair a very wide range of DNA adducts, from bulky helical distortions to subtle...
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