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The conversion of renewable feedstocks into a range of commercial products and energy is the principle underlying the concept of biorefinery. In this work, two agroindustrial by-products from babassu were used as unconventional biomasses to develop a sustainable process. Babassu cake was used to produce a multienzyme complex, which was able to hydrolyse starch granules and to release free amino nitrogen...
A local analysis of stability and observability of the ethanol process are determined for continuous operation. It is found that the process is stable and noncompletely observable in the selected steady states. The analysis of observability was studied in terms of the observability matrix rank conditions. Furthermore, we design a nonlinear observer in order to estimate the observable state variables...
The relevance of Al–Si glass in a number of fly ash applications, such as use as a pozzolanic material, zeolite synthesis, and geopolymer production, necessitated research towards investigation of methods for an easy and consistent determination of the glass content in this coal (co)-combustion by-products. A glass standard-addition X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)-based method is proposed in this study...
Biomass from olive tree pruning could be used as fuel for heating systems in boiler, thus helping to mitigate CO 2 emissions and reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. It also helps to reap secondary benefits, such as the creation of employment in rural areas. In the present study, an economic viability analysis about the use of olive tree pruning as fuel for heating systems in public schools...
This study focuses on the synthesis of zeolites from Spanish fly ashes at laboratory (g and kg sample size) and pilot plant (metric ton sample size) scales, and on the potential application of the synthesized zeolitic material. To this end, eleven Spanish fly ashes were selected and characterized in detail. A matrix of experimental parameters was built to optimize the synthesis of mono-mineral zeolite...
This study focuses on the mobility of water-soluble major and trace elements in six Spanish fly ashes using room temperature open and closed and heated (90 o C) closed leaching systems in an attempt to reduce the content of undesirable species in coal combustion by-products to increase their potential applications.The leaching trends of the trace impurities are consistent with the dissolution...
A review has been made of the various methods of determining major and trace element affinities for different phases, both mineral and organic in coals, citing their various strengths and weaknesses. These include mathematical deconvolution of chemical analyses, direct microanalysis, sequential extraction procedures and density fractionation.A new methodology combining density fractionation with mathematical...
Carbon-supported one-component (Fe, Ru, Pt) and two-component (FeRu and FePt) catalysts were used for hydrodenitrogenation of pyridine (HDN) at 3.0 MPa and 573 K. The Fe catalyst was less active for pyridine conversion and less selective for the formation of n-pentane than the noble metal catalysts were. For the two-component catalysts, activity was closely related to that of the noble metal component,...
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