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Rab1A belongs to the small Rab GTPase family and is involved in the lifecycle of numerous viruses. Here, knockdown of Rab1A inhibited CSFV growth. Further study revealed that Rab1A depletion decreased intracellular and extracellular CSFV titers, but did not affect intracellular virus genome copies and E2 protein expression within a virus lifecycle, which suggested that Rab1A is required for CSFV particle...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, family Iridoviridae. Infection of ISKNV is characterized by a unique pathological phenomenon in that the infected cells are attached by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). ISKNV mediates the formation of a virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) structure on the surface of infected cells to provide attaching...
Infection of plants by multiple viruses is common in nature. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) belong to different families, but Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana are commonly shared hosts for both viruses. In this study, we found that TCV provides effective resistance to infection by CMV in Arabidopsis plants co-infected by both viruses, and this antagonistic...
Our previous study showed Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax induces osteopontin (OPN) expression by transactivating its promoter. As an extension, we investigated here the possible influence of Tax on CD44, an important receptor for OPN. Co-expression of Tax, but not its NF-κB-defective mutant, significantly increased the reporter gene expression directed by CD44 promoter. Tax-mediated CD44 activation...
We describe here Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) as an interferon (IFN)-α antagonist counteracting the transactivation function of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). Co-expression of Tax, but not the Tax mutant unable to bind to CBP, significantly inhibited the reporter gene expression directed by IFN-stimulated regulatory elements, despite that the formation of DNA-binding...
Co-infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with other blood-borne pathogens such as human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is common in highly endemic areas. Clinical evidence showing a correlation between HTLV-I co-infection and rapid progression of HCV-associated liver disease promoted us to investigate the effect of HTLV-I-encoded Tax protein on HCV replication. Reporter assay showed that HCV replicon-encoded...
Increasing evidence has shown that the stem-loop (SL) structures in the NS5B coding region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) function as cis-replicating elements that are indispensable for viral replication. We have investigated whether small RNA molecules analogous to the SL structures could inhibit HCV replication. Reporter assays showed that both in vitro transcribed and pol III-directed transcripts corresponding...
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is currently being evaluated not only as a powerful tool for functional genomics, but also as a potentially promising therapeutic agent for cancer and infectious diseases. Inhibitory effect of siRNA on viral replication has been demonstrated in multiple pathogenic viruses. However, because of the high sequence specificity of siRNA-mediated RNA degradation, antiviral efficacy...
Positive-stranded viruses use the genomic RNA as a common template for translation and RNA replication which proceed in inverse direction; a certain regulatory mechanism for translation control is probably required to coordinate these two antagonistic processes. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a good candidate that might play a role in such a regulation. In this study, we further investigated...
The 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that directs translation of the viral open reading frame (ORF). The 5′-UTR consists of 341 nucleotides (nt) in most strains, and multiple segments within this region are important for its IRES activity. Sequencing analysis of a full-length HCV cDNA clone derived from a Japanese HCV1b-positive...
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