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This paper proposes a design pattern based on the service-oriented architecture for the design of flexible distributed automation control system for substation automation systems. The design pattern is intended to be applied to control systems based on the leading standards for software development of smart grid: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499. The proposed design pattern models system requirements as orchestrators...
This paper proposes a novel method of modelling requirements for smart grid automation systems that fits and complements the leading standards used for software development in smart grid: IEC 61850 and IEC 61499. Ontological representation is used to formally model the systems requirements and the integration of the requirement modelling to be used in conjunction with IEC 61850 specifications and...
This paper presents an automatic software generation method for energy distribution automation. The method uses the distribution network structure represented in SCL format of the IEC 61850 standard and generates complete executable applications compliant with the IEC 61499 standard. Each equipment element is based on the componentized MVC design pattern and can be executed on a distributed network...
The so called Smart Grid is said to be enabled with bi-direction communication networks and energy flow. IEC 61850 is a substation communication standard which improves interoperability of the substation design. IEC 61499 is an automation standard which can be used for implementation of control in IEC 61850 models. This work is utilizing Model Driven Engineering techniques for substation automation...
This paper proposes a method for the automatic generation of smart-grid automation systems software from specifications that includes physical system layout and domain-specific functional “recipes.” The generated software has component organization and implements a decentralized approach to smart grid control, which reduces complexity of automation systems design and modification. The proposed method...
The paper aims at demonstrating the feasibility of an execution platform that is capable of performing protection and control functions from various vendors in a controlled manner. This will reduce vendor dependency enabling utilities to standardize hardware while implementing complex protection schemes from multiple vendors at reduced cost. The paper develops protection system including earth, differential...
The future distribution grid known as the smart grid will become more distributed in both infrastructure and control. IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 are two industrial standards addressing the challenges presented by a decentralized infrastructure. This paper contributes to system engineering of smart grid automation by enabling automatic generation of IEC 61499 control systems from IEC 61850 specifications...
A district heating grid is a hot water pipeline grid used to transmit waste heat from CHP (Combined Heat and Power) production plants to buildings, where it is used for service water and space heating. Currently, broad use of district heating is limited to Northern Europe and some regions in Central Europe, but the European Union Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU and Energy Performance of Buildings...
The investment to DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) in the emerging smart energy grids are critical to achieving goals for environmental protection, reducing energy costs and coping with failures. An architecture and market mechanism is needed to support the participation of owners of DERs that aim to maximize the profit from this investment within a system that is also able to achieve grid level...
The emergence of LED luminaires that can be dimmed rapidly and frequently enables radical innovations in street lighting automation. It is possible to save considerable amounts of energy by adjusting street lighting according to the movements of individual road users. Since the same lights are often used for illuminating both vehicle lanes and sidewalks, it is necessary to detect both vehicles and...
This paper proposes new type of software components for distributed automation systems that are capable of adapting to the computational load conditions by migrating to other devices. The migration is seen as a basic mechanism of bio-inspired heuristic search for more optimal overall load across distributed network of devices. The adaptable components can form digital ecologies self-configuring themselves...
A smart electric grid incorporating local generation and storage is an area of active research in the industrial automation community. Very little attention has been given to similar possibilities in hot water grids that are used extensively for district heating in several countries, especially in Central and Northern Europe. In this paper, possibilities for heat trade in such a grid are investigated...
IEC 61850 is a new standard for substation automation which attempts to standardize communication within substations by introducing a set of new communication services operating over the Ethernet framework. The communication of interest for protection is IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging. GOOSE messaging is a peer to peer service designed for protection applications within substations. There is a growing...
The second edition of the IEC 61499 standard aims to clarify the interpretation ambiguities of function block's execution semantics. This resolves the pivotal issue of realizing portable and interoperable implementations of the IEC 61499 reference architecture. As the IEC 61499 standard is about entering its technology takeoff phase, these clarifications are timely and important. It is hence expected...
This paper investigates the correlation between color quality and energy efficiency of indoor lighting control. The color quality, in terms of visual performance and comfort, is quantified using three measurements: illuminance, Color Rendering Index, and Correlated Color Temperature. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the potential energy savings of using different portions of light...
The emerging LED technology enables intelligent street lighting that is based on sensing individual vehicles and dimming street lights accordingly. The potential energy savings are considerable, exceeding 50% on roads with low traffic. A possible reason why such applications are not yet emerging are financial uncertainties about the size of the savings, which are needed to motivate the investment...
The reliability theory used in the design of complex systems including electric grids assumes random component failures and is thus unsuited to analyzing security risks due to attackers that intentionally damage several components of the system. In this paper, a security risk analysis methodology is proposed consisting of vulnerability analysis and impact analysis. Vulnerability analysis is a method...
While there is intense global research activity addressing problems underpinning the re-engineering of the electrical power grid, thermal energy grids are likely to play an increasing role in energy systems. This paper describes an on-going effort in hybrid modeling and co-simulation of the physical and control domains of district heating networks. The focus is on modeling each domain using semantics...
This paper presents implementation of the Distributed Grid Intelligence (DGI) applications such as Intelligent Fault Management and Load Balancing using IEC61499 reference architecture. This enables system level design of distributed applications with a direct pathway to deployment to hardware. The use of IEC 61499 improves scalability, re-configurability and maintainability of automation software...
IEC 61850 is the new standard for substation automation. One of the IEC 61850 communication services, designed specifically for protection within the substation automation system is GOOSE messaging. GOOSE messaging is a peer to peer communication protocol aiming to satisfy the stringent communication requirements within protection systems operating over the Ethernet communication framework. One of...
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