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Small study effects occur when smaller studies show different, often larger, treatment effects than large ones, which may threaten the validity of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. The most well‐known reasons for small study effects include publication bias, outcome reporting bias, and clinical heterogeneity. Methods to account for small study effects in univariate meta‐analysis have been extensively...
To assess statistical methods within systematic reviews of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (CPCG).We extracted details about statistical methods within 75 reviews containing at least 10 studies.The median number of forest plots per review was 52 (min=5; max=409). Seven of the 75 reviews assessed publication bias or explained why not. Forty-four of the 75 reviews performed random-effects...
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