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Research and development of prophylactic vaccines carries a high risk of failure. In the past, industry experts have asserted that vaccines are riskier to produce than other pharmaceuticals. This assertion has not been critically examined. We assessed outcomes in pharmaceutical research and development from 1995 to 2011, using a global pharmaceutical database to identify prophylactic vaccines versus...
Recently, several new vaccines have been recommended for adults. Little is known regarding the immunization purchase and stocking practices of adult primary care physicians. To determine the proportion of family practice and internal medicine physicians who routinely stock specific adult vaccines and their rationale for those decisions, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2009 of a national random...
Successful launches of recently licensed vaccines contrast with pharmaceutical industry concerns about unfavorable market conditions, making the status and future of vaccine development uncertain. We assessed trends in private-sector vaccine research and development for the period 1995–2008, using a global pharmaceutical database to identify prophylactic vaccines in preclinical, Phase I, Phase II,...
This study sought to understand the prevalence, structure and decision-making process of national immunization advisory committees (IACs) among the 53 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s European region. Of the 47 countries responding to the electronically administered questionnaire, 37 (72%) have an IAC. The majority of committees have a legislative basis while just over half...
Childhood immunizations are the most effective clinical preventive services ever developed. Western European countries have a variety of governmental and non-governmental agencies involved in the development and operation of their immunization programs. Because of the range of programs in place across the European continent, various components of the US system parallel specific components of a variety...
This study explored the safety concerns associated with combination vaccines in Japan. The impact of Japan's decision in 1975 to withdraw the combined diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine, and then in 1993, the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and provide only the single antigen vaccines was analyzed. Interviews with both governmental and non-governmental agency officials...
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