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Actinide elements are ubiquitous in nature. Uranium and thorium are present in the Earth’s crust with average concentrations of 1–10 μg g-1, making them more abundant than Ag, Sb, Cd, or Hg. While U and Th can even be found as major or minor mineral constituents in a variety of geochemical environments, typically they are highly dispersed and present only at trace or ultra–trace concentrations in...
Uranium compounds have been used as colorants since Roman times (Caley, 1948). Uranium was discovered as a chemical element in a pitchblende specimen by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who published the results of his work in 1789. Pitchblende is an impure uranium oxide, consisting partly of the most reduced oxide uraninite (UO2) and partly of U3O8. Earlier mineralogists had considered this mineral to be...
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