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An improved constraint handling technique based on a comparison mechanism is presented, and then it is combined with selection operator in differential evolution to fulfill constraint handling and selection simultaneously. A differential evolution with two mutation strategies based on this new constraint handling technique is developed to solve the linear bilevel programming problems. The simulation...
This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel programming problems, in which integer decision variables are controlled by an upper-level decision maker and real-value (continuous) decision variables are controlled by a lower-level decision maker. This hybrid evolutionary algorithm contains the mutation operator used in the differential evolution, the...
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