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Water quality criteria and standard are derived mainly from acute toxicity data of chemicals, and acute toxicity data of chemicals are generally obtained from laboratory experiment. The nature water and experiment dilution water are different. The suspended articulate, humic acid and other factors in nature waters can change the concentrations of chemicals. In this paper, acute toxicity differences...
In this paper, a model of finite step random walk with bilateral absorption barriers is constructed and investigated, deduced its probability formula, and provided some graphs of computer simulation, thereby, discussed the random walk model in the application of game.
Survey data are used to examine the influence of distinct categories of internal factors (such as attitudes, personal norms, perceived behavior barriers, knowledge) and external factors (such as socioeconomic characteristics, living conditions and situation factors) on citizen's pro-environmental behavior. Results from the descriptive Analysis indicate that most of respondents consider the environmental...
Research in marketing and psychology shows that customers exhibit reference-dependent preferences, which means the relative standing of a product in a choice set will affect its utility. Consequently, this reference dependency will affect the firms' decision on the price and quality. In particular, we study a model of two firms offering differentiated products in a covered duopoly market. They simultaneously...
To solve security problems of E-commerce system, this paper proposed a new trust model APR which is based on anticipative perceived risk. The concept of perceived risk was introduced into APR, many kinds of trust factor were taken to calculate the trust value among nodes, and an origination method was provided to integrate direct trust and recommendation trust. Comparing with other trust models, APR...
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