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In this paper, an all-polymer thermo-optic variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) waveguide structure was designed and fabricated on PMMA substrate. To improve the performance of the VOA device, the air trench structure was employed. The improved device presents a low power consumption of 2.8 mW and a high optical attenuation of −40.2 dB. The variation of attenuation...
ZnO/ZnO-SL/Cu2O heterojunction was successfully fabricated on Cu foil by hydrothermal and sol–gel method. Crystalline phase, surface morphology and photoluminescence spectrum of the heterojunction were measured by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Contact angles of ZnO thin films were measured using a contact angle apparatus. The current–voltage...
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