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Background Influenza viruses cause hundreds of thousands of respiratory diseases worldwide each year, and vaccination is considered the most effective approach for preventing influenza annual epidemics or pandemics. Since 1950, chicken embryonated eggs have been used as the main method for producing seasonal influenza vaccines. However, this platform has the main drawback of a lack of scale-up flexibility,...
Cell culture is now available as a method for the production of influenza vaccines in addition to eggs. In accordance with currently accepted practice, viruses recommended as candidates for vaccine manufacture are isolated and propagated exclusively in hens' eggs prior to distribution to manufacturers. Candidate vaccine viruses isolated in cell culture are not available to support vaccine manufacturing...
Human influenza viruses cause annual epidemics due to antigenic drifts in the hemagglutinin protein. Five antigenic sites in the influenza H3 hemagglutinin protein have been proposed and 131 amino acid positions have been identified in the five antigenic sites. A previous study had documented that a model based on the 131 positions in the five antigenic sites could moderately predict antigenic variants...
The H3N2 vaccine strain (A/Panama/2007/99) for the 2003–2004 influenza season did not antigenically match the circulating A/Fujian/411/02-like H3N2 viruses and had reduced effectiveness against influenza outbreaks. A/Wyoming/03/2003, an A/Fujian-like virus, was recommended as the vaccine strain for the 2004–2005 season. A/Wyoming differed from A/Panama by 16 amino acids in the HA1 molecule. Reverse...
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