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This paper critically analyses a statement by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) on e‐cigarettes in May 2022 that will be used to guide national policy. We reviewed the evidence and the conclusions drawn in the NHMRC Statement. In our view, the Statement is not a balanced reflection of the benefits and risks of vaping because it exaggerates the risks of vaping and fails...
Aims
To examine whether polyuse of cigarettes and other smoked products (polysmoking) is predictive of quit attempts and quit success.
Design
A prospective multi‐country cohort design.
Setting
Australia, Canada, England and the United States.
Participants
A total of 3983 adult daily cigarette smokers were surveyed in 2016 (wave 1 of data collection) and were re‐contacted in 2018 (wave 2) (i...
Aims
To measure the prevalence and changes in smokers’ discussions with health professionals (HPs) about nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and HPs’ recommendations about NVPs between 2016 and 2020, and their associations with tobacco product use transitions.
Design
Cohort study using multinomial logistic regression analyses on data from waves 1 (2016), 2 (2018) and 3 (2020) from the International...
Background and Aims
Past research has found that young smokers are more likely to make quit attempts; however, there are conflicting findings regarding age and quit success. This study examined the degree to which smoker age is related to making quit attempts and quit success.
Design
Ten waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Cohort survey (ITC‐4C) collected between 2002 and 2014, with...
Background and Aims
Government regulations of nicotine vaping products (NVP) have evolved rapidly during the past decade. The impact of NVP regulatory environment and vaping on cigarette demand is unknown. The current study aims to investigate whether or not respondents’ reported cigarette demand, as measured by a hypothetical cigarette purchase task, varies with (1) smoking status, (2) vaping status...
Aims
To determine whether a simple combination of level of smoking and level of vaping results in a useful typology for characterizing smoking and vaping behaviours.
Methods
Cross‐sectional data from adults (≥ 18 years) in the 2016 wave 1 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in the United States (n = 2291), England (n = 3591), Australia (n = 1376) and Canada (n = 2784) were used. Participants...
Aims
To examine current and ex‐smokers’ reasons for continuing or discontinuing regular use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs).
Design and participants
Cross‐sectional study of 2722 current daily/weekly, and 921 ex‐daily/weekly, adult vapers who were either current or ex‐cigarette smokers when surveyed.
Setting
2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping wave 1 (4CV1) surveys conducted in the United...
Background and Aims
The regulatory environment for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) varies widely across countries and this will probably affect the devices used, nicotine content and usage, and hence the ability of NVPs to substitute for cigarettes. We aimed to describe the types of NVPs used by current vapers in four countries with varying regulatory and enforcement approaches toward the marketing...
Background and Aims
It has been proposed that many smokers switch to vaping because their nicotine addiction makes this their only viable route out of smoking. We compared indicators of prior and current cigarette smoking dependence and of relapse in former smokers who were daily users of nicotine vaping products (‘vapers’) or who were not vaping at the time of survey (‘non‐vapers’).
Design
Cross‐sectional...
Background and Aims
The presence and content of health warning labels (HWLs) on nicotine vaping products (NVPs), such as electronic cigarettes, varies by country and manufacturer. We compared proportions of people who report (i) noticing HWLs on NVPs and (ii) feeling concerned having noticed HWLs, by country and by smoking or vaping status. We also examined recall of HWL content and whether this...
Aim
To describe the methods of the 2016 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey, conducted in 2016 in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US).
Methods
The respondents were cigarette smokers, former smokers (quit within the previous 2 years), and at‐least‐weekly vapers, aged 18 years and older. Eligible cohort members from the...
Aim
To assess (1) how far smoking patterns, depression and smoking‐related beliefs and intentions predict vaping uptake, current vaping and vaping frequency among daily smokers; and (2) how far the aforementioned predictors and baseline vaping frequency predict current vaping among those who reported ever vaped.
Design
Analysis of data from six waves of a longitudinal survey over 8 years. Longitudinal...
Background and Aims
Debate exists about whether health professionals (HPs) should advise smokers to use nicotine vaping products (NVPs) to quit smoking. The objectives were to examine in four countries: (1) the prevalence of HP discussions and recommendations to use an NVP; (2) who initiated NVP discussions; (3) the type of HP advice received about NVPs; and (4) smoker's characteristics related to...
Aims
To determine if there are associations between changes in the explicit (i.e. price) and implicit (i.e. use restrictions in public places) costs of cigarettes and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and their use patterns in the United States.
Methods
Data came from wave 1 (2016) US data of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (ITC US 4CV1) and Nielsen Scanner Track database. A multiple...
Aims
To examine whether norms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use varied between Australia, Canada, England and the United States and by socio‐demographics, smoking and NVP status.
Design
Cross‐sectional data from the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.
Setting
Four countries with distinct regulatory policies relating to the sale and advertising of NVPs: Australia (most restrictive),...
Aims
This paper presents updated prevalence estimates of awareness, ever‐use, and current use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) from 14 International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC Project) countries that have varying regulations governing NVP sales and marketing.
Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements
A cross‐sectional analysis of adult (≥ 18 years) current smokers and...
Aims
To estimate predictors of time to smoking relapse and test if prediction varied by quit duration.
Design
Longitudinal cohort data from the International Tobacco Control Four‐Country survey with annual follow up collected between 2002 and 2015.
Setting
Canada, United States, United Kingdom and Australia.
Participants
A total of 9171 eligible adult smokers who had made at least one quit...
The use of vaporized nicotine products (VNPs), especially e‐cigarettes and, to a lesser extent, pressurized aerosol nicotine products and heat‐not‐burn tobacco products, are being adopted increasingly as an alternative to smoking combusted products, primarily cigarettes. Considerable controversy has accompanied their marketing and use. We propose a framework that describes and incorporates patterns...
AimsTo determine whether signs of current depression predict attempts to quit smoking, and short‐term abstinence among those who try, and to test moderating effects of gender and cessation support (pharmacological and behavioural).
DesignProspective cohort with approximately annual waves. Among smokers at one wave we assessed outcomes at the next wave using mixed‐effects logistic regressions.
SettingWaves...
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