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Development of analgesic tolerance and constipation remain a major clinical concern during long-term administration of morphine in pain management. Central endothelin mechanisms are involved in morphine analgesia and tolerance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and peripheral administration of endothelin ET A receptor antagonist,...
Several neurotransmitter mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in the development of morphine tolerance. The present study provides evidence for the first time that endothelin (ET) antagonists can restore morphine analgesia in morphine tolerant rats. Tolerance to morphine was induced by subcutaneous implantation of six morphine pellets during a 7-day period. The degree of tolerance to morphine...
Several neurotransmitter mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in the actions of morphine. The present study is the first to provide evidence that central endothelin (ET) mechanisms are involved in the modulation of pharmacological actions of morphine. The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of endothelin-A (ET A ) antagonist, BQ123, on morphine-induced analgesia,...
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