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Prolonged exposure to excessive levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids is associated with serious clinical features including altered body composition and the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. It had been assumed that these adverse effects were mediated by direct effects of glucocorticoids on tissues such as adipose or liver. Recent studies have...
States of glucocorticoid excess are associated with defects in chondrocyte function. Most prominently there is a reduction in linear growth but delayed healing of fractures that require endochondral ossification to also occur. In contrast, little is known about the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in chondrocyte function. As glucocorticoids exert their cellular actions through the glucocorticoid...
Oxidative stress has been linked to osteoporosis. Serum uric acid (UA), a strong endogenous antioxidant, has been associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD), lower bone turnover and lower prevalence of fractures in a large cross-sectional study of men. Whether this relationship is present in women and how UA relates to changes in BMD longitudinally has not been examined.A sample of 356 peri-...
Weight loss is associated with bone loss; however, it is unclear whether loss of fat or loss of lean body mass plays the key role in this relationship. The aim of this longitudinal analysis was to clarify the relationship between hip BMD, hip BMC and whole body BMC with changes in fat and lean tissue mass in older men.The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP) is a population-based study...
The pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis remains ill defined. In this study, we examined the role of the osteoblast in mediating the effects of exogenous glucocorticoids on cortical and trabecular bone, employing the Col2.3-11βHSD2 transgenic mouse model of osteoblast-targeted disruption of glucocorticoid signalling.Eight week-old male transgenic (tg) and wild-type (WT) mice (n=20–23/group)...
Breast cancer metastases to bone are common in advanced stage disease. We have recently demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency enhances breast cancer growth in an osteolytic mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. In this study, we examined the effects of vitamin D deficiency on tumor growth in an osteosclerotic model of intra-skeletal breast cancer in mice.The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D...
The role of endogenous glucocorticosteroids (GC) in bone development is ill-defined. Using the Col2.3-11βHSD2 transgenic (tg) mouse model, we examined the effect of osteoblast-targeted disruption of intracellular GC signalling on bone growth and strength, and its modulation by factors such as age, gender and skeletal site.Tibiae and L3 vertebrae of 3 and 7-week-old, male and female wild type (WT)...
Inhibition of bone resorption either by bisphosphonate (BP) treatment or by blocking RANKL signalling with osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been shown to reduce tumour burden in bone and inhibit bone destruction in murine xenograft models of breast cancer. However, whether the anti-tumour effect of OPG or BP in bone is mediated by inhibition of bone resorption or by direct effects on tumour cells is uncertain...
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