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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is generally resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clear‐cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common histology accounting for 80–90% of tumors. This chapter explores the molecular pathogenesis of RCC, and the targeted therapies that have recently been developed. The genetics of VHL disease follow the “two hit” model of tumor suppressor gene function first proposed by Knudson. Next‐generation...
Several vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR TKI) are now approved by regulatory agencies and are important in the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. The risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) with these agents is not well characterized.PubMed was searched for articles published from 2001 until 2011. Eligible studies included prospective randomized trials...
Study Type – Prognosis (retrospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2b
OBJECTIVETo investigate the utility of tumour carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression and histological features for predicting the outcome in patients with metastatic clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐targeted therapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODSWe identified 118 patients with...
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