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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disorder characterized by elevated serum IgG4 level, which is mediated by T follicular helper 2 (Tfh2) cell. However, the cytokines responsible for enhancing IgG4 production remain unclear in IgG4-RD. The aim of this study was to identify responsible Tfh2-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-21) for enhancing IgG4 production in IgG4-RD. Peripheral...
To conduct a comprehensive quantitative proteomics analysis of novel serum protein biomarkers based on synovitis status associated with matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and to determine the clinical significance of these biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Patients with untreated RA (n=28), primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) (n=30), and healthy controls (HCs) (n=30) were enrolled for the screening...
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNFα, play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The available TNF inhibitors are only slightly different from one another in terms of clinical efficacy, at least at the group level, but their structures and modes of action are not identical. Infliximab (IFX) and etanercept (ETN) differ in their ability to induce antibody-dependent...
B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is a cytokine, indispensable for B cell survival, maturation, and activation. Over-expression of BAFF leads to lupus like disease in mice and the serum level of BAFF is elevated in human lupus. However, little is known about BAFF synthesis and its regulation. In this study, we examined the effects of a series of inflammatory...
IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) is supposed to act as a specific chemoattractant for Th 1 cells. Since Th 1 cells and IFN-γ are shown to be important for developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we examined the relationship between serum IP-10 levels and the disease activity. Serum IP-10 levels were markedly increased in the SLE patients depending on the level of disease activity,...
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