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BackgroundPre‐emptive analgesia may relieve post‐operative pain. However, its effects on immune function of patients undergoing thoracotomy are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated effects of pre‐emptive epidural analgesia on post‐operative pain and immune function in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
MethodsNinety patients undergoing thoracotomy were randomized equally into three groups. Group...
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