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In this paper, a robust methodology is proposed for planning multistage distribution networks. The scenario set is used to describe the uncertainty of DGs and loads in which the quantity and type are simultaneously considered. Furthermore, controllable load is considered apart from traditional load. Based on the constructed scenario, high-voltage/medium-voltage (HV/MV), feeder route, tie-line and...
In order to build a reliable traffic to overcome ever-changing scenarios with different QoS requirements for WSN-based M2M applications, a cognitive technology using the causality tree is proposed for the reliability maintenance of wireless sensor networks. Routing maintenance metrics are defined as basic initiatives for device maintenance. The metrics enable to guarantee quality of services for the...
High-speed bogie frame is a key mechanical component in a train system. The reliability analysis of the bogie is necessary to the safety of high-speed train. Reliability analysis of a bogie frame was considered. The equivalent load method was employed to account for random repeated loads in structural reliability analysis. Degradation of material strength was regarded as a Gamma process. The probabilistic...
To reflect the bilateral transaction's uncertain impact on the grid, the effective reserve and the reserve channel margin are defined. And reserve capacity is modeled based on stochastic simulation and bi-level programming considering the congestion risk, which the reserve services are regarded as object of study in the open power market environment. The upper optimization level is to maximize the...
The traditional wireless sensor networks based on minimum hop routing (MHR) protocol have the disadvantage of short stable period of minimum hop gradient field (MHGF), this would lead to the data sinking unreliable easily. In this paper, in order to improve the reliability of data sinking, a minimum hop routing wireless sensor network based on link reliability guaranteed (MHR-LR) is proposed. In the...
PARD (Periodic and Random Deviation) of controllable power is important to the study on performance degradation of electronic equipment under voltage stress with different PARD. Taking switching power as an example in this paper the PARD signal is analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. We find that it is closer to real situation when peak-peak value (Vp-p) and characteristic frequency are selected...
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