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Organic cathode materials are drawing increasing attention in lithium-ion battery for their abundance, environmental friendliness, high specific capacity, low cost, and flexibility. But their application has been hindered by poor electrochemical performance because of inherent low conductivity and high solubility in the polar organic electrolyte. Herein, an organic-inorganic composite by impregnating...
Salinity gradient power (SGP) holds great potential for electricity generation. However, the technology scale-up is hindered by the lack of high-performance membranes. Here we initiate the application of freestanding graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) to generate SGP. The freestanding GOMs have moderate water permeability coefficient and excellent mechanical strength...
High specific surface area (SSA), especially effective specific surface area (E-SSA) of the active electrode materials is required for high performance supercapacitors. In this work, such materials (e.g. AC-KOH) were obtained using a scalable industrial method from biomass waste material, with controlling the pore size distribution and mesopores as the major contribution. Thus, an electrode material,...
Stable and cost-effective catalysts for efficient ammonia synthesis under mild conditions particularly at ambient pressure and temperature have been pursued widely and intensively. Recently we have reported a method using a composite catalyst with nano iron oxide hosted in a three-dimensional cross-linked graphene template material, Fe@3DGraphene. With this catalyst, a light driven and efficient ammonia...
It is a great challenge to fabricate lightweight microwave absorption materials (MAMs) with strong electromagnetic wave attenuation over wide frequency range. In this work, ultralight multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/graphene foams (CGFs) are prepared through a facile solvothermal method and their microwave absorption (MA) properties are fully investigated. The CGFs exhibit tunable complex permittivity...
Macroscopic lossy foam has been expected to be the most promising candidate for lightweight high-performance microwave absorption (MA). However, inferior MA behaviors of conventional foams reported previously are disappointing. The emerging graphene foam (GF) has broken this paradoxical state of affairs. Here, series of GFs with various chemical compositions and physical structures have been prepared...
Carbon materials, including pyrolytic carbon and nanocarbon, especially graphene, have been reported to be introduced in the SnO2-based anodes to decrease the capacity decay during cycling, but the capacity fading was not effectively suppressed. Herein, we report a three-dimensional cross-linked graphene material as the template to load electrochemically active material SnO2. A 3D composite of graphene...
A series of two-dimensional non-traditional carbon materials employing three-membered ring or four-membered ring as building blocks were systematically investigated by theoretical calculations in searching of highly conductive metallic carbon materials. It was found all the studied two-dimensional systems have metallic nature. The three-membered ring derivatives are not kinetically stable, and present...
Silicon is one of the most attractive anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, but generally it has poor cycle performance because of its severe volume change during lithiation/delithiation and its low intrinsic electrical conductivity. We fabricated a ternary Si-based composite Si@C/GF in which Si nanoparticles were coated on a thin carbon layer by pyrolysis of phenolic resin and...
Two major issues of conventional supercapacitors, composed of a separator, two electrodes, and liquid electrolyte, are their low package energy density and the leakage of the liquid electrolyte. Therefore, great efforts have been dedicated in development of all-solid-state supercapacitors with higher energy density. Here we demonstrate a high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitor with a graphene-doped...
N-doped graphene (NG) materials have been prepared through a one-step solvothermal reaction by using o-phenylenediamine as a double-N precursor. N-doping and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) are both achieved simultaneously during the solvothermal reaction. The results of scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate that NG is highly crumpled...
We used a two-layer structure consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silicone to transfer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition onto various rigid and flexible substrates through dispersive adhesion. It only takes a few seconds to transfer graphene from PET/silicone to the target substrates at ambient conditions. And the recycling of the PET/silicone decreases the production cost...
The number of oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) on the surface of a commercial activated carbon (AC) was maximized using ammonium persulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , APS) as an oxidant. Effects of the oxidation conditions, including temperature, time and concentration of APS, on physical and chemical properties of the treated AC were examined to develop a relationship...
A feasible and scalable CO 2 -assisted arc discharge method was developed to directly synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with largely semiconducting species. Not only was electronic-type selectivity achieved on a large scale, with a semiconducting SWCNT (s-SWCNT) content of >90%, but also diameter selectivity was obtained, with a majority having diameters of >1.5nm. The...
The current progress on the production of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), particularly the horizontally aligned ones, is reviewed. There are two main categories for the alignment of SWCNTs: the post synthesis assembly and the in situ growth approaches. The post synthesis assembly approach mainly involves dispersing SWCNTs in solutions and aligning SWCNTs using spin-coating, Langmuir–Blodgett...
Surface functional groups on carbon materials are critical to their surface properties and related applications. Many characterization techniques have been used to identify and quantify the surface functional groups, but none is completely satisfactory especially for quantification. In this work, we used oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to identify and quantify...
Large-area, smooth, transparent and conductive graphene films were produced by a spin-coating method using graphene solutions. Bulk heterojunction polymer organic photovoltaic devices using these pure graphene films as a transparent anode were fabricated and studied. A direct pure graphene film electrode ensured that the device fabrication cost remained low and the processing was simple. The photovoltaic...
The synthesis of few-layered graphene sheets with controlled number of layers (3–4) on a large scale was developed using chemical exfoliation by simply controlling the oxidation and exfoliation procedure. The obtained Few-layered Graphene Oxide (FGO) was characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. It is found that...
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