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A wind tunnel and particle image velocimetry were used to study the ground-level mean secondary airflow patterns and statistical turbulence quantities in the lee of adjacent rectangular obstacles, the influence of gap spacing on the near-wake flow patterns, and their role in the onset of sand particle deposition and sand drift formation. The flows separated both horizontally and vertically, and paired...
Sand shadows commonly form downwind of obstacles in arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding their dynamics requires insights into the airflow patterns behind the obstacles under different wind regimes. Here, we studied models of cuboid obstacles to characterize the three-dimensional responses of airflow behind obstacles with different shape ratios to variations in the incident flow in a wind-tunnel...
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