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The chemical analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) requires standard solutions with accurate concentration. The mouse toxicity in each toxin is also essential knowledge for the introduction of chemical analysis as an alternative method to mouse bioassay (MBA) in routine monitoring of shellfish. In this study, we developed the quantitative analysis of PSTs by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),...
During November 2005, a dense bloom of Dinophysis spp. dominated (>97%) by Dinophysis acuta in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain), provided a unique opportunity to describe the full toxin profile – including toxins that represent a low percentage and escape detection in analyses of single-cell isolates – in plankton concentrates rich in this species. Detection and identification of toxins were...
Diarrhetic activity of pectenotoxin-6 (PTX6), a shellfish contaminant in Japanese scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis), was studied in vivo. Mice gavaged with 5mg/kg PTX6 did not show diarrhea or fluid secretion, and no prominent pathological changes were observed. There was no synergistic toxicity of PTX6 with okadaic acid (OA) or pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) when toxins were given to mice by gavage. Synergistic...
Several shellfishes including the crab Telmessus acutidens and its prey bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected at Onahama in Japan to investigate the accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins during the blooming season of toxic dinoflagellates. The toxicity of the viscera of T. acutidens collected in 1999 was 30.0 and 80.0MU/g, and that of M. galloprovincialis was 9.6MU/g...
Toxin profiles were determined in phytoplankton cell concentrates and Greenshell mussels (Perna canaliculus) exposed to a dinoflagellate bloom dominated by Dinophysis acuta and Protoceratium reticulatum. This was achieved by using a method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of a variety of micro-algal toxins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray...
Comparison of pectenotoxin (PTX) profiles of toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta, Greenshell mussels (Perna canaliculus) and Blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Wedge Point, Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with turbo-ionspray ionization. Although the major PTX homologue in D. acuta was pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), both Greenshell...
The fluorescence protein phosphatase (PP-2A) inhibition assay detects okadaic acid (OA) and DTX-1 in mussels down to 1 μg/100 g of mussel tissue. It is more sensitive than the mouse bioassay (detection limit, 20 μg/100 g) or ELISA using the SCETI DSP check kit (detection limit, 10 μg/100 g). A drawback of the PP-2A assay method has been its lack of sensitivity towards the ester derivatives of OA and...
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