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Scedosporium/Lomentospora species exist as saprophytic moulds that can potentially lead to serious infections in patients who have experienced near‐drowning incidents. Scedosporium species are distributed across different regions of the world while Lomentospora prolificans has quite a restricted geographic distribution. We aimed to systematically review scedosporiosis cases after near‐drowning, their...
Background
Mucormycosis has emerged as an increasingly important fungal disease for immunocompromised children and neonates, with the cutaneous form being one of its most common presentations.
Methods
We present a cutaneous mucormycosis case in a 10‐year‐old girl and analyse reports of single cases and case series of cutaneous mucormycosis in ≤16‐year‐old patients, recorded in PUBMED from 1953...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication of severe viral pneumonia, such as influenza and COVID‐19, that requires critical care including ventilatory support, use of corticosteroids and other adjunctive therapies to arrest the attendant massive airways inflammation. Although recommended for the treatment of viral pneumonia, steroid therapy appears to be a double‐edged sword, predisposing...
Background
Candida auris is a newly described multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen associated with biofilm formation and severe infections with high mortality.
Objectives
To study the activities of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against C auris biofilms and planktonic cells.
Materials/Methods...
Although substantial efforts have been made to investigate about the composition of the microbiota, fungi that constitute the mycobiota play a pivotal role in maintaining microbial communities and physiological processes in the body. Here, we conducted an international survey focusing on laboratory's current procedures regarding their goals and practices of mycobiota characterisation using NGS. A...
Background
Recent outbreaks of Candida auris further exemplify that invasive Candida infections are a substantial threat to patients and healthcare systems. Even short treatment delays are associated with higher mortality rates. Epidemiological shifts towards more resistant Candida spp. require careful surveillance.
Objectives
Triggered by the emergence of C auris and by increasing antifungal resistance...
Background
Accurate diagnosis of mucormycosis, a life‐threatening fungal infection, remains a challenge for physicians.
Objectives
To identify the causative Mucorales in fresh clinical samples and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples of patients with proven mucormycosis by molecular method.
Patients/Methods
Fresh clinical samples of patients with proven mucormycosis according to the...
The purpose of this study was to analyse specific molecular mechanisms involved in the intrinsic resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungals. We investigated the transcriptional profile of three genes (BGL2, SUN41, ECE1) involved in Candida cell wall formation in response to voriconazole or anidulafungin after the production of intermediate and mature biofilms. C. albicans M61, a well‐documented...
Early diagnosis and initiation of amphotericin B (AmB) for treatment of mucormycosis increases survival from approximately 40% to 80%. The central objective of a new study of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) Zygomycosis Working Group is to improve the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of mucormycosis. The diagnostic...
Innate immune response, including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells and their respective receptors, plays an important role in host defences against Mucorales with differential activity against specific fungal species, while adaptive immunity is not the first line of defence. A number of endogenous and exogenous factors, such as cytokines and growth factors as well as certain antifungal...
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a congenital immunodeficiency, characterised by significant infections due to an inability of phagocyte to kill catalase‐positive organisms including certain fungi such as Aspergillus spp. Nevertheless, other more rare fungi can cause significant diseases. This report is a systematic review of all published cases of non‐Aspergillus fungal infections in CGD patients...
Aspergillus is a saprophytic fungus, which mainly becomes pathogenic in immunosuppressed hosts. A failure of host defences results in a diverse set of illnesses, ranging from chronic colonisation, aspergilloma, invasive disease and hypersensitivity. A key concept in immune responses to Aspergillus species is that host susceptibility determines the morphological form, antigenic structure and physical...
Posaconazole is the newest triazole antifungal agent available as an oral suspension with an extended spectrum of activity against Candida species, Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Zygomycetes and endemic fungi. Among posaconazole advantages are the relatively low potential of cross‐resistance with other azoles, few drug interactions compared with other azoles and its activity against...
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder characterised by inability of phagocytes to kill catalase‐positive organisms including certain fungi. Aspergillus species are the most frequent fungal pathogens. This study is a systematic review of the reported cases of osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus species in CGD patients. Retrospective analysis of 46 osteomyelitis cases caused...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of posaconazole (PSC) in combination with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in a neutropaenic murine model of disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) due to Rhizopus microsporus. Male BALB/c mice were rendered neutropaenic with cyclophosphamide (200 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally) administered on days −1 and +5 postinfection...
Previous studies have not systematically assessed the effect of fungal biomass on polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN)‐induced hyphal damage (HD) of filamentous fungi. We hypothesised that fungal biomass is a significant factor affecting PMN‐induced HD. One isolate each consisting of a volume of 2 × 104 conidia ml−1 of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus microsporus...
Triple combination therapy with an antifungal triazole, echinocandin and amphotericin B (AmB) is used in some centres to treat refractory aspergillosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of AmB on the double combinations of caspofungin (CAS) + voriconazole (VOR) or ravuconazole (RAV) against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus....
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