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The influence of orbital errors of GPS geodetic network may became significant if the measured distances are greater than 50 km. The proper input covariance matrix is then required for the adjustment. In the paper the numerical method for finding this covariance matrix is described, based on the principle of randomization of errors of the model parameters. Some examples of application of this method...
Precise orbit determination of the GNSS constellation is essential for its high quality performance. Two new technologies are under development offering considerable improvement of the accuracy of orbits: namely on-board accelerometers and inter-satellite links. Due to the fact that some non-gravitational forces cannot be modeled with the desired precision, the direct measurements on the board of...
Poland, the 34th most populous country in the world and 6th among members of the European Union, generated 142.9 TWh net electricity, of which households consumed more than 30% in 2010. This work provides an insight into the potential of smart buildings in Poland. The essential contribution of this work is the consideration of the experiences of the national electrical system operator, existing building...
Wireless transmission is an interesting alternative or supplement to the wired one. An interesting problem is the cooperation between wired and wireless networks. The simplest way is to do a conversion on a physical layer level, however, there are many conditions that are hard to fulfil in order to achieve proper co-operation between both links. It is also possible to do a conversion on a link layer...
IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth are the most popular wireless transmission interfaces. As they operate in the same unlicensed frequency band, despite spread spectrum techniques, some interferences may occur. This paper presents the results collected in an experimental, wireless network containing elements of both standards. They show how active Bluetooth piconet degrades usable parameters of IEEE 802.11.
Medium access protocols are one of the most important issues in the network design. It can be seen especially while using contention protocols in wireless networks. For every protocol it is possible to evaluate its efficiency using probability calculus. However, it is interesting how these protocols behave in a practical network. To test the protocols efficiency, an experimental wireless network has...
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