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In Penning traps charged particles are subject to a strong axial magnetic field and a weak electrostatic quadrupole field, which makes the particles moving with three independent frequencies. The quadrupole field can be generated either by using hyperboloidal or a set of cylindrical electrodes. A cyclotron frequency measurement gives access to an accurate value of the ion mass. This can be performed...
This Lecture gives an introduction to high-precision measurements of atomic masses by using highly-charged ions in Penning traps. The production of highly-charged ions using Electron Beam Ion Traps and Sources (EBIT/S) for high-precision mass spectrometry will be reviewed. Ion transfer and the actual mass measuring techniques/methods will also be explained, mostly by the example of the \textsc{Smiletrap}...
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