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Using the Briggs-Bers criterion, we find that the lower band edge of linear beam TWTs is not subjected to absolute instability. At the upper band edge, we find a threshold beam current beyond which absolute instability is excited. In general, an absolute instability would occur in a linear beam tube if the cold-tube circuit dispersion curve in the frequency-wavenumber (ω-k) plane is locally convex...
In a klystron, charge overtaking of electrons leads to an infinity of AC current. The harmonic content therein can be calculated exactly, with or without space charge effects. This paper extends the klystron theory to a traveling wave tube (TWT). We assume that the electron motion is described by linear theory. The crowding of these linear orbits may lead to harmonic generation, as in a klystron....
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