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This review highlights very recent achievements and new developments of severe plastic deformation (SPD) technology for producing bulk ultrafine-grain (UFG) and even nanocrystalline (nc) materials. These numerous modified and novel SPD methods include cyclic forward-backward extrusion, axi-symmetric forward spiral extrusion, vortex extrusion, simple shear extrusion, planar twist extrusion, tubular...
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