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The Ada language has for long provided support for the development of reliable real-time systems, with a model of computation amenable for real-time analysis. To complement the already existent multiprocessor support in the language, an ongoing effort is underway to extend Ada with a fine-grained parallel programming model also suitable for real-time systems. This paper overviews the model which is...
Over the past couple of years, many commentators have hailed the “Internet of Things” (IoT) as the next step in the evolution of the internet. This paper examines, from an energy consumption viewpoint, some options for deploying a network of “Things” and connecting them through their gateway into the Internet or a corporate network. It focuses specifically on the access network from the customer premises...
Recent studies have illustrated historical financial data could be used to predict future revenues and profits. Prediction models would be accurate when long-run data that traces back for multiple years is available. However, changes in service structures often result in alteration of the nomenclatures of the services, making the streams of financial transactions associated with affected services...
Online social networks (OSNs) with their huge number of active users consume significant amount energy both in the data centers and in the transport network. Existing studies focus mainly on the energy consumption in the data centers and do not take into account the energy consumption during the transport of data between end-users and data centers. To indicate the amount of the neglected energy, this...
Cloud computing and cloud-based services are a rapidly growing sector of the expanding digital economy. Recent studies have suggested that processing a task in the cloud is more energy-efficient than processing the same task locally. However, these studies have generally ignored the network transport energy and the additional power consumed by end-user devices when accessing the cloud. In this paper,...
We develop a methodology to empirically quantify the energy consumption associated with packet processing, storage and switching in high-capacity routers. Our approach provides valuable insights for improving the energy efficiency of routing equipment and networks.
The global telecommunications network consumes about 1% of the world's electricity. This paper overviews research into constraining future increases in network power consumption while at the same time providing for growth in network traffic volume.
The global telecommunications network consumes approximately 1% of all electrical energy on the planet. A similar amount of electricity is consumed by the data centers and servers that are mushrooming around the planet, and providing an increasingly rich variety of services to Internet users. Importantly, the consumption of the network is growing rapidly, in lock step with the exponential increase...
We estimate the energy consumption of digital-signal-processing-based chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems and show that energy efficiency of digital electronic compensation is comparable to that of optical fibre-based compensation.
This paper compares energy efficiency of 40-Gb/s optical networks that utilize optical amplification, coarse and dense WDM, or electronic switching. We show that using an electronic switch can be over 3 times more energy efficient.
In this paper, we review the fundamental limitations on energy consumption in optical communication systems and networks. We provide a framework for understanding how network energy consumption might be managed in the future information economy.
We show that significant savings in energy consumption can be achieved in optical IP networks with multi-layer switching by using a coordinated combination of IP aggregation, electronic bypass and optical bypass.
We show that traffic prediction in long-reach GPON does little to minimize packet delay and jitter. We present a new algorithm that allocates only the bandwidth required more frequently, significantly reducing delay and jitter.
Despite twenty years of research, optical packet switching (OPS) struggles to find practical application. We analyze the capabilities and limitations of OPS, and conclude that OPS offers little compared with conventional electronic packet switching.
We compare the relative merits of nonlinear optics and electronics for high-speed switching and signal processing, with a focus on three key practical considerations: energy consumption, device footprint, and data throughput.
We report long-reach PON systems utilizing distributed Raman amplification for rural and remote areas. Symmetric 2.5-Gb/s bidirectional transmission is achieved over 60-km reach. We also discuss the practical deployment issues and economics of long-reach PON.
We propose a new clustering approach that identifies the area within an exchange service area where broadband could be delivered economically using passive optical networks. Our analysis uses GIS data and takes into account road layout between the houses.
Energy consumption of electronic burst switching is modeled and compared to electronic packet switching in the network core and edge. It is shown that burst switching can provide significant energy savings relative to packet switching.
The impact of PMD on wavelet transform based optical OFDM (WTO-OFDM) systems is investigated. Simulations show that WTO-OFDM is very sensitive to PMD. A 1-dB penalty at 5-ps DGD is incurred for 112-Gb/s dual-polarization transmission.
The US bridge infrastructure, an essential element to the transportation network, has been steadily deteriorating. Due to substandard levels of maintenance, bridges now pose serious risks to citizens. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) estimates that an investment of 2.2 trillion dollars would be required over a five year horizon in order to upgrade the nation's infrastructure to good...
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