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Recently, Chen et al. (DOI 10.1109/SMC.2015. 281) proposed a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) state. They claimed that their protocol can achieve both the security property and the fairness property. However, this study points out that Chen et al.'s protocol cannot achieve the fairness property by an Internal Attack. That is, one of the involved...
In 2009, Shi et al. [Opt. Commun. 282 (2009) 2460-2463] proposed a bidirectional quantum secure communication protocol based on a shared private Bell state. The protocol allows two legitimate users to exchange their secret messages simultaneously and is free from information leakage. This work tries to use random permutation on photons to reduce the communication cost and enhance the quantum bit efficiency...
Most of the existing quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) assume that every communicating party is equipped with quantum devices (QDs), e.g., the qubit generating machine, or the quantum memory, or the qubit measuring machine. However, in the practical situation, these QDs are expensive, and a center may be the only party that affords to own these devices. Though Phoenix first realize the idea,...
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