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It contradicts the human's expectations when humanoid robots move awkwardly during manipulation tasks. The unnatural motion may be caused by awkward start or goal configurations or by probabilistic path planning processes that are often used. This paper shows that the choice of an arm's target configuration strongly effects planning time and how human-like a planned path appears. Human-like goal configurations...
In autonomous bimanual operation of a robot, parallelized planning and execution of a task is essential. Elements of a task have different functional and spatial relationships. They may depend on each other and have to be executed in a specific order or they may be independent and their order can be determined freely. Consequently, individual actions can be planned and executed in parallel or not...
A robotic ball-catching system built from a multi-purpose 7-DOF lightweight arm (DLR-LWR-III) and a 12 DOF four-fingered hand (DLR-Hand-II) is presented. Other than in previous work a mechatronically complex dexterous hand is used for grasping the ball and the decision of where, when and how to catch the ball, while obeying joint, speed and work cell limits, is formulated as an unified nonlinear optimization...
Humanoid robots are envisioned in general household tasks. To be able to fulfill a given task the robot needs to be equipped with knowledge concerning the manipulation and interaction in the environment and with knowledge about its own capabilities. When performing actions, e.g. opening doors or imitating human reach to grasp movements special 3-d trajectories are followed with the robot's end-effector...
The capabilities of DLR's multi-DOF humanoid robot Justin are extended with the help of a dynamic torque control component for base reaction minimization. Since the mobile base of the robot comprises springs, reactions induced by arm/torso motions lead to vibrations and deteriorate the performance. The control component is derived from the equation of motion of the robot, represented as an underactuated...
Research on humanoid robots for use in servicing tasks, e.g. fetching and delivery, attracts steadily more interest. With Rollin' Justin a mobile robotic system and research platform is presented that allows the implementation and demonstration of sophisticated control algorithms and dexterous manipulation. Important problems of service robotics such as mobile manipulation and strategies for using...
In service robotic tasks, the ability to grasp and handle objects is mandatory. Short response times with respect to execution of commanded tasks are necessary. Planning in general and grasp planning in particular should happen online. We extend the online grasp planner by Borst et al. to generate reachable grasps while preserving the integrity and modularity of the grasp planner. To achieve this...
This paper presents a new developed multisensory five-fingered dexterous robot hand : the DLR/HIT Hand II. The hand has an independent palm and five identical modular fingers, each finger has three DOFs and four joints. All the actuators and electronics are integrated in the finger body and the palm. By using powerful super flat brushless DC motors, tiny harmonic drives and BGA form DSPs and FPGAs,...
In this article, we gave an overview on the DLR activities related to two approaches for the realization of soft robotics: actively torque-controlled LWRs and VSA. On the basis of our experience with torque-controlled robots, we presented an analysis on expected advantages and also disadvantages of VSA actuators. Furthermore, two VSA joint designs motivated by this analysis were presented. Torque-controlled...
For use in unstructured domains, highly redundant multi-arm robotic systems need both deliberative and reactive control schemes, in order to safely interact with the environment. The problem of collisions is crucial. A robust reactive algorithm, named the "skeleton algorithm", is proposed for the real-time generation of self-collision avoidance motions, where only proprioceptive sensory...
This paper deals with the concept and implementation of a multi-purpose vision platform. In robotics, numerous applications require perception. A multi-purpose vision platform suited for object recognition, cultural heritage preservation and visual servoing at the same time is missing. In this work, we draw attention to the design principles for such a vision platform. We present its implementation,...
This video presents a humanoid two-arm system developed as a research platform for studying dexterous two-handed manipulation. The system is based on the modular DLR-Lightweight-Robot-III and the DLR-Hand-II. Two arms and hands are combined with a three degrees-of-freedom movable torso and a visual system to form a complete humanoid upper body. The diversity of the system is demonstrated by showing...
The control of humanoid manipulators is very challenging due to the large number of degrees of freedom and the resulting redundancy. Using joint-level control complex planning algorithms are needed to accomplish tasks. For intuitive operation and hence short development times of applications high-level control interfaces are needed. Furthermore, for many tasks it is desirable to define an impedance...
Autonomous service robots have to recognize and interpret their environment to be able to interact with it. This paper focuses on service tasks such as serving a glass of water where a humanoid two-arm-system has to acquire an object from the scene. A task planner should be able to autonomously discern the necessary actions to solve the task. In the process, a path planner can be used to compute motion...
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