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Sweetpotato is grown throughout the year in Mozambique but drought affects storage root yield and biomass productivity. The objectives of this research were to estimate the impact of genotype × environment interactions (G × E) in sweetpotato and select genotypes based on drought indices such as geometric mean, percent yield reduction, drought sensitivity index and harvest index. A total of 58 clones...
Salinity is a major constraint affecting rice productivity in rainfed and irrigated agro-ecosystems. Understanding salinity effects on rice production at the reproductive stage could improve adaptation for this trait. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling adaptation to salinity may also accelerate breeding rice germplasm for environments prone to this stress. We used the salt tolerant...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important export crop in Kyrgyzstan. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is a seed-born disease that affects this crop and reduces its yield significantly in the country. The aim of this study was to identify virus strain(s) occurring in Kyrgyzstan and breed host plant resistance to BCMV using DNA markers. Susceptible Kyrgyz cultivars (Ryabaya, Kytayanka and Lopatka)...
Ploidy manipulations and interspecific crosses have allowed considerable genetic progress in Musa breeding, but estimation of genetic parameters for parental selection remains a major challenge. This study aimed to determine the components of genetic variance and the relative contribution of genetic effects to phenotypic variation of yield and phenological traits in secondary triploid hybrids from...
The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) aims to genetically enhance both crops and generate public sector-provided products for the resource poor, e.g., drought tolerant wheat and insect resistant maize, and through international–national partnerships facilitate the acquisition of improved germplasm for non-mandate crops in the cropping systems where maize and wheat thrives;...
The main elements of the international wheat improvement program of the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), also known as the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, have been shuttle breeding at two contrasting locations in Mexico, wide adaptation, durable rust and Septoria resistances, international multisite testing, and the appropriate use of genetic variation...
Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) affects marketable fruit yield and average fruit weight of both hybrid and open-pollinated (OP) tomato genotypes. Cultivars vary significantly for marketable fruit yield, with hybrid cultivars having, on average, higher yield than OP cultivars. However, information is scanty on environmental factors affecting the differential response of tomato genotypes across...
The importance of reduced tillage in sustainable agriculture is well recognized. Reduced-tillage practices (which may or may not involve retention of crop residues) and their effects differ from those of conventional tillage in several ways: soil physical properties; shifts in host–weed competition; soil moisture availability (especially when sowing deeply or under stubble); and the emergence of pathogen...
A phenotypic diversity index (PDI) was calculated using 10 agronomiccharacteristics recorded in 90 accessions of 2-row spring barleys and 29accessions of 6-row spring barleys grown in the Nordic Region. The PDIranged from 0.0308 to 0.6245 in 2-row barley accessions and from0.0314 to 0.7016 in 6-row barley accessions. The average PDIs were0.2178 and 0.2438 in 2-row and 6-row barley germplasm, which...
The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) core collection consists of 1956accessions, of which 1465 are desi, 433 kabuli, and 58 intermediate types. This core collection was evaluated for 7 morphological descriptors and 15agronomic characteristics to estimate phenotypic diversity. All the three groups differed significantly for flower colour, plant colour, dots on seed testa, seed testa texture, plant width,...
Variation in agronomic and quality characteristics was investigated in 220 Nordic spring barley cultivars across distinct environments (6 locations during 3 years) in the Nordic Region of Europe. The objectives of this research were to determine the importance of the genotype by environment interaction in all characteristics evaluated and to establish the relationship among different stability statistics...
The characterization of diversity in germplasm collection is important toplant breeders to utilize and to the genebank curators to manage the collection efficiently and effectively. The objective of our study was to describe the phenotypic diversity in the 13342 accessions of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm contained in the ICRISAT genebank. The germplasm accessions were characteized for...
Accurate assessments of genetic gains ensuing from plant breeding for the most important agronomic characteristics in Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) are not available. Hence this research was aimed to determine the rate of genetic improvement in the Nordic barley breeding pool. This study included 90, 2-row spring barley cultivars released (1942–1988) and29, 6-row spring barley cultivars...
Bunch orientation is an economically important trait in plantain (Musa spp. AAB group) and banana (Musa spp. AAA or ABB groups). Pendulous bunches are more symmetrical than subhorizontal, horizontal, or erect bunches and are, therefore, better adapted for transportation. Erect, horizontal, subhorizontal, and pendulous bunches were observed in segregating populations derived from crosses between plantains...
Genetic resistance to potato cyst nematode is considered as one of the most effective means of increasing yield and reducing nematode infestation levels in potato fields. In this study, resistance to this nematode was successfully transferred from diploid tuber-bearing Solanums to the tetraploid gene pool using a 4x-2x breeding approach. More specifically, resistance from Solanum vernei, S. sparsipilum...
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